cingo Latin · revision 18041

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɪŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃiŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cingō''' (present infinitive cingere, perfect active cīnxī, supine cīnctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The etymology is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan tentatively reconstructs [[itc-pro|*keng-]] and compares the titles [[xum|śihitu anśihitu]], perhaps “girded, ungirded”, whose meaning is itself unsure.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Of other proposals, [[lt|kinkyti|t=to harness horses]] fits in meaning but needs a root that cannot be Indo-European, and [[sa|कञ्चते|tr=káñcate|t=binds]] is late and irregular.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''cingitur: certē expedit sē'', “he's girding himself up: he's certainly getting ready”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Cingere'' is “to surround, encircle” the head or body with a garland or headdress (Lucretius: they crowned the top of her head with a mural crown), and in the passive or reflexive “to gird oneself up” for action.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is “to gird on” weapons, “to arm” (Virgil: Turnus arms himself for battle), and in late law “to enrol” as a soldier.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Things “ring, encircle” (Virgil of clouds round the sky), a guard “surrounds” a person (Caesar: the cavalry covered the flanks), and a town is ringed with walls or by an enemy (Cicero: Greece ringed the coast of Asia with cities).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to lie round, to ring a tree by stripping bark, to form into a ring, to enclose a space, and in time to bound.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “to gird”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''cingitur: certē expedit sē''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of the mural crown.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: Greece ringed the coast of Asia with cities.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil: ''cingitur … in proelia Turnus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To surround, [[m|en|encircle]] (with a garland or headdress); to crown.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive or passive)'' To [[m|en|gird]] oneself up.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To gird on (weapons), arm.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To surround, ring; to escort.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To surround (with walls or troops), [[m|en|besiege]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To lie round; to enclose.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To ring (a tree).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accingō]]

+ * [[cectōria]]

+ * [[cīnctōrium]]

+ * [[cīnctum]]

+ * [[cīnctūra]]

+ * [[cīnctus]]

+ * [[cingula]]

+ * [[cingulus]]

+ * [[circumcingō]]

+ * [[concingo]]

+ * [[discingō]]

+ * [[incingō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cingulum]]

+ * [[praecingō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}