voiture French · revision 17463

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 12th century, Everat, Bible|origins=la vehō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /vwa.tyʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''voiture''' ''f'' (plural voitures)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''voiture'', ''veiture'', ''veicture''; the Old French forms in ''vei-'' were common until the 14th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|voiture]], [[inh|la|vectūra|t=transport, carriage; cost of transport]], from “vectum”, the supine of [[m|la|vehō|t=to carry]], whence also [[véhicule]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|14, 212b)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|vettura]], which has the same senses as French, and [[pro|vechura]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ At the end of the 12th century Everat's ''Bible'' uses ''voiture'' for a load carried, here on a donkey.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) About 1200 ''veiture'' also meant transport, and a beast of burden.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Until the 18th century the word covered every means of transport by land or water, the load carried, and the cost of carriage (1345); Furetière (1690) could still say that ''les voitures d'Orient se font par des bœufs''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) In 1283 Beaumanoir used it for a wheeled vehicle, a sense long in competition with [[char]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''Lettre de voiture'', a consignment note, survives in law.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ In the 19th century it came to mean a vehicle for people: a railway carriage (1829, whence ''en voiture !''), a prison van (''voiture cellulaire'', 1842) and a pram (''voiture d'enfant'').^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) Cugnot's steam vehicle was a ''voiture à feu'' (1771); ''voiture automobile'' is from 1876, and plain ''voiture'' for a petrol-driven car from 1893.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) The old phrase ''adieu la voiture'' “all is lost” is in Oudin (1640).^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 12th century – ''Voiture'', a load, in Everat's ''Bible''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1213 – ''Voiturier'', a carrier.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1283 – A wheeled vehicle, in Beaumanoir.^(TLFi)

+ * 1345 – The cost of transport.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1771 – ''Voiture à feu'', Cugnot's steam vehicle.^(TLFi)

+ * 1829 – A railway carriage.^(TLFi)

+ * 1893 – A petrol-driven car, in a letter of Émile Mors.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|car]], motor vehicle: ''une voiture de sport'', ''aller en voiture''.^(Wiktionary)^(Le Robert)

+ # A vehicle on wheels, drawn or pushed: ''voiture à cheval'', ''voiture à bras''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # A railway [[m|en|carriage]]: ''en voiture !''^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Voiture d'enfant'': a [[m|en|pram]].^(Le Robert)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(law, dated)'' Carriage, transport: ''lettre de voiture''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[covoiturage]]

+ * [[voiture-balai]]

+ * [[voiturer]]

+ * [[voiturier]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[camion]]

+ * [[car]]

+ * [[moto]]

+ * [[scooter]]

+ * [[véhicule]]

+ * [[char]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}