traîner French · revision 17166

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1131, Couronnement de Louis (traïner)|origins=la trahō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /tʁɛ.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /tʁe.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''traîner'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''traïner'' (about 1131), until the 14th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The Académie wrote ''traisner'' in 1694 and 1718, ''traîner'' from 1740.^(TLFi) The 1990 spelling reform allows ''trainer''.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|traïner]], from popular Latin [[inh|la-vul|*tragīnō]], derived from a rarer “*tragō”, an altered form of [[m|la|trahō|t=to pull, drag]], which gave [[traire]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|13/2, 161a)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Compare [[pro|traginar]] and “trainar”, [[ca|traginar]], [[es|trajinar]] and [[it|trascinare]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Couronnement de Louis'' (about 1131) it means to take someone somewhere by force.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Wace (1160–74) uses it for pulling something along the ground.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Intransitively it meant to hang down to the ground (early 12th century, ''lor resne traïnée''), and ''se traîner'' to move with difficulty (12th century).^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) From 1174–76 it meant to keep someone waiting, from 1508 to draw something out, and, from 1549 to drawl.^(TLFi) Phrases of laborious movement followed: ''traîner ses pieds'' (1552), now ''traîner les pieds'', ''traîner la jambe'' (1690); ''traîner la savate'' (1739–47); ''traîner ses guêtres'' (1824).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) About 1460 it meant to endure something one cannot shake off, as ''traîner maladie'' (Chastellain, 1461).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) At the end of the 16th century it was used of people wandering aimlessly, and, from the 17th of things left lying about.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) ''Traîner dans la boue'' is in d'Alembert (1758).^(TLFi)

+

+ Its derivative [[train]] first meant the act of dragging; the railway sense owes something to English, which had itself taken ''train'' from French.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1131 – ''Traïner'', ''Couronnement de Louis''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1160–74 – To drag along the ground, Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1174–76 – To keep waiting.^(TLFi)

+ * 1549 – To drawl.^(TLFi)

+ * 1552 – ''Traîner ses pieds''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1687 – ''Laisser traîner''.^(BHVF)

+ * 1740 – The Académie spells it ''traîner''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1758 – ''Traîner dans la boue''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|drag]], pull along: ''traîner une valise'', ''traîner les pieds''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To take (someone) along against their will: ''traîner qqn au cinéma''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To be burdened with, carry around: ''traîner un rhume''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To hang down, trail: ''sa robe traîne par terre''.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' Of things, to lie about: ''laisser traîner ses affaires''.^(Wiktionary)^(BHVF)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To dawdle, [[m|en|lag]] behind; to hang around: ''traîner dans les rues''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To drag on: ''l'affaire traîne''.^(Wiktionary)^(Larousse)

+ # ''Se traîner'': to crawl, drag oneself along.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[traînard]]

+ * [[traînasser]]

+ * [[traîne]]

+ * [[traîneau]]

+ * [[traînée]]

+ * [[traîneur]]

+ * [[traînage]]

+ * [[entraîner]]

+ * [[train]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[traire]]

+ * [[trait]]

+ * [[la|trahō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}