gare French · revision 16628

+ French has a noun ''gare'' “station” and an interjection ''gare !'' “look out!”, both formed on [[garer]] separately, in 1690 and 1460.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ {{homograph|1|station}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=1690, Furetière|origins=non *varask}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɡaʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ɡɑʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gare''' ''f'' (plural gares)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The station is a deverbal noun from [[garer]] “to moor, shelter (a boat)”.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) The verb was at first a seafaring word, found inland only from the 15th century (1415, [[frm|guerrer|t=to moor a ship]]); the TLFi and Bloch–Wartburg derive it from [[non|*varask|t=to be on one's guard]], from [[gem-pro|*warōną|t=to watch, protect]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Wiktionary also allows [[frk|*warōn|t=to guard]].^(Wiktionary) Rey reports Pierre Guiraud's view linking [[fro|varer]] with [[pro|varar|t=to launch, beach (a ship)]], perhaps from [[la|vāra|t=crossbeam]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Furetière (1690) defines ''gare'' as a place on a river laid out to shelter boats or let convoys pass.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007) An isolated ''gare'' “distance” is recorded by the FEW in 1533.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With the railways the word first meant a siding where one train waited while another passed (1831), then, from 1835, the station where passengers and goods are taken on and set down.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007) The 20th century added ''gare de triage'' “marshalling yard”, ''gare maritime'' and ''gare routière'' “bus station”.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1533 – ''Gare'' “distance”, according to the FEW.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – A shelter for boats on a river, Furetière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1831 – A railway siding.^(TLFi)

+ * 1835 – A railway station.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A railway [[m|en|station]]: ''la gare de Lyon'', ''gare de départ, d'arrivée''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Gare routière'': a bus or coach station, ''gare maritime'', a harbour station.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Gare de triage'': a marshalling yard.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(inland navigation)'' A widening of a river or canal where boats can pass or shelter.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ {{homograph|2|look out!}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1460|origins=non *varask}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɡaʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ɡɑʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The interjection is the imperative of [[garer]].^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Rey sees in it a shortened imperative of [[garder]], found as [[fro|guar|t=take care!]] about 1165, later attached to “garer”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is recorded in 1460, in the phrase ''sans crier gare''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It warns someone to get out of the way, and by extension to beware of some unpleasant event, ''sans crier gare'' “without warning” was earlier ''sans dire gare'' (about 1500) and ''sans dire gaire'' (15th century).^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Rabelais has ''guare !'' and Montaigne ''gare le heurt''.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1165 – ''Guar'' “take care!”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1460 – ''Sans crier gare''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Interjection===

+ # [[m|en|beware]]!, look out!: ''gare à la peinture !''; as a threat: ''gare à toi si tu désobéis''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Sans crier gare'': without warning.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[garer]]

+ * [[garage]]

+ * [[garder]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}