heure French · revision 16075

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis|origins=grc ὥρα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /œʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): /œːʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''heure''' ''f'' (plural heures)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Ure'' (about 1050), ''ore'' (1130–1140), ''eure'', ''heure'' with the Latin ⟨h⟩ from the late 12th century, though ''ore'' and ''eure'' remained the commonest forms until the 15th.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Montaigne's ''asture'' is ''à cette heure''.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|ore]], [[inh|la|hōra|t=hour; time; season]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|4, 467a) borrowed from [[grc|ὥρα|tr=hṓra|t=season; time of day; the right moment]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) which the Petit Robert relates to [[de|Jahr]] and [[en|year]].^(Petit Robert 2007) The ⟨h⟩ of Latin was restored early in writing.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|ora]], [[pro|ora]], [[ca|hora]], [[es|hora]] and [[pt|hora]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050) has ''Ne guardent l'ure que terre nes enclodet'', expecting at any moment that the earth would swallow them: a point in time.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By 1130–1140 (Wace) it named a time of day according to the divisions then in use (''la tierce ore''), and about 1150 a unit of duration.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The ''heures'' were also the prayers said at fixed hours (1174–1176) and the book containing them (about 1250, ''livre d'heures'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Old French phrases include ''de bone heure'' “under good auspices” (about 1150), influenced by ''heur'', whence ''à la bonne heure !'' (Froissart) and the lost ''à la male heure'';^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''de bonne heure'' “early” dates from 1539, ''sur l'heure'' from 1540 and ''tout à l'heure'' from 1628–1647.^(TLFi)

+

+ From 1505 ''donner l'heure'' refers to the exact time by the clock, and ''il est trois heures''; the hour also measures work (''payé à l'heure'', 1694) and distance (''à deux heures de Paris'').^(TLFi)^(Larousse) Later phrases include ''l'heure de qqn'' “his last hour” (about 1450), ''pour le quart d'heure'' (1798), ''l'heure H'' (1917) and ''heure de pointe''.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – ''Ure'' in ''Saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1130–1140 – A time of day, in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1150 – A unit of duration, ''de bone heure''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1174–1176 – The canonical hours.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1250 – A book of hours.^(TLFi)

+ * 1505 – ''Donner l'heure''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1539 – ''De bonne heure'' “early”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1647 – ''Tout à l'heure'' “a moment ago”, in Corneille.^(TLFi)

+ * 1917 – ''L'heure H''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|hour]]: ''une heure et demie'', ''faire du cent à l'heure'', ''payé à l'heure''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The time (of day); o'clock: ''quelle heure est-il ?'', ''il est trois heures'', ''à l'heure'': on time.^(Wiktionary)^(Larousse)

+ # A time, moment: ''l'heure du déjeuner'', ''à la première heure'', ''son heure de gloire''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Tout à l'heure'': in a moment; a moment ago, ''de bonne heure'': early, ''à la bonne heure !'': well done!^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The present time: ''pour l'heure'', ''à l'heure actuelle''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural)'' The canonical hours, ''livre d'heures'': book of hours.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[horaire]]

+ * [[horloge]]

+ * [[horo-]]

+ * [[la|hōra]]

+ * [[en|hour]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}