étendre French · revision 16055
17 Oct 2026, 22:02 by bogdan “New French entry (TLFi, FEW, DHLF, Bloch–Wartburg…)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=early 12th century, Oxford Psalter|origins=la extendō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /e.tɑ̃dʁ/^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''étendre'''^(Wiktionary)
+ [[fro|estendre]], ''étendre'' from the 17th century.^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|fro|estendre]], [[inh|la|extendō|alt=extendere|t=to stretch out, widen]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|3, 325b) from “ex-” with intensive value and [[la|tendō|alt=tendere|t=to stretch]] (see [[tendre]]), which belongs to an Indo-European root “*ten-” “to stretch”.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)
+
+ Compare [[pro|estendre]], [[es|extender]], [[pt|estender]] and [[it|stendere]].^(Littré 1873)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The ''Oxford Psalter'' (early 12th century) has ''estendrai la tue vie de generaciun en generaciun'', I will stretch out your life from generation to generation: to extend in time.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ About 1165 Benoît de Sainte-Maure used it in space, of arms stretched out, and for laying someone at full length, especially knocking him to the ground (''mort l'estent'', he strikes him dead).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) From this sense come ''étendre sur le carreau'' (1600) and, in 20th-century popular speech, “to knock down” and “to fail” (''se faire étendre à un examen'', 1929).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)
+
+ In 1283 Beaumanoir used it reflexively for growing longer, wider or more important, the sense of ''étendre son pouvoir'' and ''s'étendre sur un sujet''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Stendhal (1827) has ''un acide étendu d'eau'', diluted.^(TLFi) The past participle ''étendu'' became an adjective “extensive” (''un savoir étendu''), and ''étendue'' (1404) replaced Old French ''estente'', ''étendoir'' dates from 1687 and ''étendage'' from 1756.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * Early 12th century – ''Estendre'' in the ''Oxford Psalter''.^(TLFi)
+ * c. 1165 – Of arms, “to lay low”, in Benoît de Sainte-Maure.^(TLFi)
+ * 1283 – “To enlarge”, in Beaumanoir.^(TLFi)
+ * 1404 – ''Estendue''.^(DHLF 1992)
+ * 1600 – ''Étendre sur le carreau''.^(DHLF 1992)
+ * 1687 – ''Étendoir''.^(DHLF 1992)
+ * 1827 – “To dilute”, in Stendhal.^(TLFi)
+ * 1929 – ''Se faire étendre à un examen''.^(DHLF 1992)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To [[m|en|stretch]] out (a limb): ''étendre les bras, les jambes''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To spread out, lay out: ''étendre une nappe'', ''étendre du linge'': to hang out the washing.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To lay (someone) down, ''(familiar)'' to knock down; to fail (in an exam).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)
+ # To [[m|en|extend]], enlarge: ''étendre son influence''.^(Wiktionary)^(Larousse)
+ # To spread (butter, paint); to dilute: ''étendre du vin d'eau''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)
+ # ''(reflexive)'' To lie down; to stretch, extend: ''la plaine s'étend jusqu'à la mer'', ''s'étendre sur un sujet'': to dwell on a subject.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[étendoir]]
+ * [[étendu]]
+ * [[étendue]]
+ * [[tendre]]
+ * [[étendage]]
+ * [[étendu]]
+ * [[étendue]]
+ * [[étendoir]]
+ * [[étendage]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[extension]]
+ * [[extensif]]
+ * [[la|extendō]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}