titre French · revision 15976

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1170, Livre des Rois|origins=la titulus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /titʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''titre''' ''m'' (plural titres)^(Wiktionary)

+ [[fro|title]] (about 1165–1170), still in use in the 17th century, ''titre'' from about 1225; written ''tiltre'' in the 16th century but pronounced ''titre'' (Palsgrave).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is borrowed from [[la|titulus|t=inscription; title of a book; title of honour]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|13/1, 359b) a word that first named a placard carried on a pole in triumphs, then an epitaph, the heading of a work and an honorific title, Rey suggests a reduplicated word, perhaps Etruscan.^(DHLF 1992) Wiktionary calls “title” semi-learned;^(Wiktionary) Brachet noted that the popular Latin “ticlus” would have given “teil”.^(Littré 1873) The ⟨r⟩ of “titre” is a phonetic change of ⟨l⟩.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ [[en|title]] comes from French (14th century),^(Petit Robert 2007) and English “titre” and “titer” from the modern word.^(Wiktionary) [[es|tilde]] is from the same Latin word.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Livre des Rois'' (about 1170) uses ''title'' for an inscription on a tomb.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1200 it was the heading that names the subject of a work, and about 1225 a chapter, then the title page (1802) and printing terms like ''faux titre'' (1835).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) About 1283 Beaumanoir uses it in law for what gives a right (''par title d'acat'', by right of purchase), whence ''à juste titre'' (1340), ''à titre de'' (1643), a deed proving a right (1468) and the stock-exchange ''titre'' (1853).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ From the 13th century it was also the name of an office or rank, and, from 1479 an honorific title (''titre de noblesse''); ''en titre'' dates from 1690.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) With the idea of proportion it named the fineness of gold or silver coin (1543), and in chemistry and textiles a strength or count (1841, 1872).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In sport a ''titre'' is a championship.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1170 – ''Title'' “inscription on a tomb”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1200 – The title of a work.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1225 – The form ''titre''; a chapter.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1283 – A legal title, in Beaumanoir.^(TLFi)

+ * 1340 – ''À juste title''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1479 – An honorific title.^(TLFi)

+ * 1543 – The fineness of coin.^(TLFi)

+ * 1853 – A stock-exchange security.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|title]] (of a book, film, article): ''le titre d'un roman'', ''gros titre'': headline.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A title (of rank, nobility, office): ''titre de noblesse'', ''le titre de maréchal'', ''en titre'': official.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A qualification: ''titres universitaires''; a sports title.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(law)'' A title, deed: ''titre de propriété'', ''titre de séjour'', ''titre de transport''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(finance)'' A security, share: ''titre au porteur''.^(Wiktionary)^(BHVF)

+ # Fineness (of gold, silver); ''(chemistry)'' titre.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''À juste titre'': rightly, ''à titre de'': as, ''au même titre que'': in the same way as.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sous-titre]]

+ * [[titrer]]

+ * [[titrage]]

+ * [[attitrer]]

+ * [[intituler]]

+ * [[intertitre]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[titulaire]]

+ * [[tilde]]

+ * [[la|titulus]]

+ * [[en|title]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Littré gives a second ''titre'' for the small mark placed over an abbreviated word, the same Latin word as Spanish ''tilde''; the TLFi dates this sense to the mid-13th century.^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}