expansion French · revision 15906

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1584, Simon Goulart|origins=la pandō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɛk.spɑ̃.sjɔ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''expansion''' ''f'' (plural expansions)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-lat|expānsiō|t=extension, spreading out]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|3, 303b) from “expansum”, the supine of [[la|expandō|t=to spread out, unfold]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) formed from “ex-” and [[la|pandō|t=to spread]].^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873) The same Latin verb gave the inherited [[épandre]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Simon Goulart (1584) has ''expansion du ciel'' as a term of astronomy;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Bloch and Wartburg record only sporadic 16th-century uses.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word was taken up again at the end of the 17th century for growth, development (Dionis, 1695), and in the 18th century became a term of physics, for the dilatation of a fluid (Trévoux, 1752), of anatomy and of botany.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) Sieyès uses it in 1789.^(TLFi) In the 19th century it passed into general use for spreading through a territory (1870), as in ''expansion coloniale'' (Ferry, 1885), whence ''expansionniste'' (1866) and ''expansionnisme'' (1911).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ From growth in volume it came to mean the outpouring of feelings, effusiveness (1801, Mercier: ''une expansion originale'' in the French character), and in the plural moments of effusion (Balzac, 1831);^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) the adjective ''expansif'' had already taken this sense in Rousseau.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In the 20th century it is economic growth and population increase, and in astronomy ''l'expansion de l'univers''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1584 – ''Expansion du ciel'' in Simon Goulart.^(TLFi)

+ * 1695 – “Growth, development”, in Dionis.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1752 – A term of physics, in Trévoux.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1756 – ''Expansible'', ''expansibilité''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1801 – “Effusiveness”, in Mercier.^(BHVF)

+ * 1870 – Territorial expansion.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1885 – ''Expansion coloniale'' in Ferry.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(physics)'' [[m|en|expansion|alt=Expansion]], dilatation: ''l'expansion des gaz''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(astronomy)'' ''L'expansion de l'univers'': the expansion of the universe.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(anatomy, botany)'' An outgrowth, extension of an organ.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # Spread, extension (of a country, an idea): ''expansion coloniale''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # Economic [[m|en|growth]]: ''une économie en expansion''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(literary)'' Effusiveness, outpouring of feeling.^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[expansible]]

+ * [[expansibilité]]

+ * [[expansif]]

+ * [[expansionniste]]

+ * [[expansionnisme]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[épandre]]

+ * [[la|expandō]]

+ * [[en|expansion]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}