multiple French · revision 15834

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1572|origins=la plicō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /myl.tipl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''multiple''' (plural multiples)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|multiplex|t=with many folds; manifold, numerous]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|6/3, 203b) formed from [[m|la|multus|t=much, many]] and the element “-plex” of multiplicative adjectives such as [[m|la|duplex]] and [[m|la|simplex]],^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) which belongs to the Indo-European root of [[m|la|plicō|t=to fold]] and [[m|la|plectō|t=to plait]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The forms “multiplex” and “multiplice” are found in Evrart de Conty (1390).^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first recorded in 1572, in the municipal registers of Bayonne, as a term of arithmetic;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''nombre multiple'' is in Trenchant's ''Arithmétique'' (1618).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Outside mathematics it came to mean “made up of several similar parts”: multiple echoes (1755), a multiple pulley (1765), a multiple ovary in botany (1798) and the ''sujet multiple'' of grammar (1854).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The general senses “existing in several examples” (Lamarck, 1809) and “taking various forms” (Maine de Biran, 1823) date from the early 19th century;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) the sense “not simple, diverse” is in Bonnet (1760) and Michelet's ''ce vaste et multiple monde du moyen âge''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ As a noun, ''un multiple'' is the multiple of a number,^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse) and in 1905 it named a telephone exchange switchboard.^(TLFi)^(BHVF) In art it is a work produced in several copies.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1390 – ''Multiplex'', ''multiplice'' in Evrart de Conty.^(TLFi)

+ * 1552 – ''Sous-multiple''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1572 – ''Multiple'' in arithmetic.^(TLFi)

+ * 1618 – ''Nombre multiple''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1765 – ''Poulie multiple''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1809 – “Existing in several examples”, in Lamarck.^(TLFi)

+ * 1905 – A telephone switchboard.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Made up of several parts or elements: ''prise multiple'', ''écho multiple''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # [[m|en|multiple|alt=Multiple]], numerous; many and varied: ''à usages multiples''.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(literary)'' [[m|en|diverse|alt=Diverse]], not simple: ''une réalité multiple''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' ''Multiple de'': that is a multiple of: ''21 est multiple de 7''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(mathematics)'' A multiple: ''le plus petit commun multiple''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A work of art issued in several copies.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[multipliable]]

+ * [[démultiplier]]

+ * [[sous-multiple]]

+ * [[multiplier]]

+ * [[multiplicité]]

+ * [[multiplication]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[complexe]]

+ * [[simple]]

+ * [[la|multiplex]]

+ * [[en|multiple]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}