ressource French · revision 15827

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1160, Benoît de Sainte-Maure|origins=la surgō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁə.suʁs/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ressource''' ''f'' (plural ressources)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Resorce'', ''resorse'' (about 1160), remade as ''ressourse'', ''ressource'' after [[source]] in the early 15th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the feminine past participle, used as a noun, of the old verb [[m|fro|resourdre|t=to rise again; to recover]] (late 10th century “resurdre” “to rise from the dead”),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|10, 327b) from [[la|resurgō|t=to rise again; to recover]], from [[m|la|re-]] and [[m|la|surgō|t=to rise]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) The verb is the inherited doublet of [[resurgir]].^(DHLF 1992) Cognate with [[it|risorsa]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chronique des ducs de Normandie'' (about 1160–1175) has ''resourse'' “help, succour”, the aid obtained from a country.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old and Middle French the word also meant “recovery, revival” (15th century).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In 1422 Alain Chartier used it for a means of getting out of a difficult situation, whence ''sans ressource'' (early 15th century) and ''en dernière ressource''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In falconry it was the hawk's climb after a stoop (1377), the source of the aviation sense, an aircraft's pull-out from a dive (1920).^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ Du Bellay (1558) used it for one's means of living, and the plural ''ressources'' for money and material means became usual;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Montaigne (1588) for reserves of physical strength, and Bossuet (1687) for strength of mind, with ''homme plein de ressources'' (1718).^(TLFi) From the late 18th century ''ressources'' were also a country's economic potential, and a language's means of expression (d'Alembert, 1779).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''Ressources humaines'' is the staff of a firm, and in computing a ''ressource'' is a shared part of a system (1975).^(DHLF 1992) The verb ''se ressourcer'' dates from about 1978.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Resurdre'' “to rise again”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – ''Resorce'' “help”.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+ * 1377 – A falconry term.^(TLFi)

+ * 1422 – “Recourse”, in Alain Chartier.^(TLFi)

+ * 1558 – Means of living, in du Bellay.^(TLFi)

+ * 1588 – Reserves of strength, in Montaigne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1920 – An aircraft's pull-out.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|resource]], recourse, means of getting out of difficulty: ''en dernière ressource''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(plural)'' Financial means; a country's natural or economic resources.^(Le Robert)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(plural)'' Abilities, resourcefulness: ''un homme plein de ressources'', ''avoir de la ressource''.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Ressources humaines'': human resources, personnel.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(aviation)'' A pull-out from a dive.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(computing)'' A resource shared by users.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[se ressourcer]]

+ * [[ressourcement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[source]]

+ * [[sourdre]]

+ * [[surgir]]

+ * [[la|resurgō]]

+ * [[en|resource]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}