kiosque French · revision 15738

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1608, Palma Cayet, chiosque|origins=fa کوشک}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kjɔsk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''kiosque''' ''m'' (plural kiosques)^(Wiktionary)

+ First written ''chiosque'' (1608), then ''kiosque'' (1654).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|it|chiosco]] (1594),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) from [[ota|كوشك|tr=köşk|t=garden pavilion]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) itself from [[fa|کوشک|tr=kōšk|t=palace; portico]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|19, 103a) Wiktionary traces the Persian word back to [[pal|kōšk]].^(Wiktionary) The Turkish word took a narrower sense than the Persian one, which meant a high room, gallery or palace.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ Bloch and Wartburg, Littré and the Grand Robert give the Turkish word directly as the source, without the Italian step.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record, ''chiosque'' in Palma Cayet's ''Chronologie novenaire'' (1608), means a [[m|en|pavilion]], the open garden pavilion of the Turks.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word first named an open garden pavilion with a dome, in Turkey and the Middle East, and then a garden pavilion in the oriental style in Europe.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) In the 19th century it took a wider sense.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) A covered stand for musicians at open-air concerts appears in 1867, and ''kiosque à musique'' later replaced ''kiosque de la musique''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ By likeness of shape, a ''kiosque'' became a small street stand selling newspapers (1848, ''kiosque de journaux'', later ''kiosque à journaux''), and then flowers and other goods.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) At sea it is a glazed shelter on a ship's deck (1902) and the conning tower of a submarine (1952).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The names for the person who keeps a newspaper stand (''kiosquiste'', ''kiosquier'', about 1950) stayed professional words.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1594 – Italian ''chiosco'' is recorded.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1608 – ''Chiosque'' “pavilion” (Palma Cayet).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1654 – The spelling ''kiosque'' (Du Loir, ''Voyages'').^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1762 – First recorded by the Académie.^(TLFi)

+ * 1848 – ''Kiosque de journaux'', a newspaper stand.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+ * 1867 – A bandstand (Taine).^(TLFi)

+ * 1902 – A shelter on a ship's deck.^(TLFi)

+ * 1952 – The conning tower of a submarine.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A small stand in the street selling [[m|en|newspaper|alt=newspapers]], flowers and the like; a [[m|en|kiosk]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # An open garden [[m|en|pavilion]], in Turkey and the Middle East or in that style.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''Kiosque à musique'': a [[m|en|bandstand]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(nautical)'' A glazed shelter on a ship's deck; the [[m|en|conning tower]] or sail of a submarine.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Quebec)'' A stand at an exhibition or fair.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|kiosk]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}