chaudière French · revision 15725

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 1105, Rashi's glosses, jaldiere|origins=la calidus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃo.djɛʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): /ʃo.d͡zjaɛ̯ʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chaudière''' ''f'' (plural chaudières)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Jaldiere'' (before 1105), ''caldere'' (early 12th century), Picard ''caudiere''^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873); ''chaudiere'' from about 1230.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|chaudiere]], [[inh|la-lat|caldāria|t=cauldron]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 75b) the plural, taken as a feminine singular, of [[m|la|calidārium|t=hot bath; cauldron]], from [[m|la|calidārius|t=heated]], from [[m|la|calidus]], [[m|la|caldus|t=hot]], the source of [[chaud]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) The spelling “chaudiere” (about 1230) may have been remade after “chaud”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|caldaia]], [[oc|caudiera]], [[es|caldera]] and [[pt|caldeira]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873) Southern French dialects instead say “pairolo”, from Gaulish.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ ''Jaldiere'' is in the glosses of Rashi (before 1105), and in the Oxford Psalter (early 12th century) ''caldere'' translates the basin of Psalm 108: ''Moab est caldere de la meie esperance''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ For centuries a ''chaudière'' was a large metal vessel for heating, boiling or cooking (about 1120, the ''Voyage de saint Brendan''), used by dyers, refiners and cooks.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) In sailors' language ''faire chaudière'' was to feast (1690).^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ With the steam engine the word came to mean a boiler that turns water into steam (1831, of a locomotive^(BHVF)^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007); ''chaudière à vapeur'' 1835), now also the boiler of central heating.^(BHVF)^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) The old sense lives on in Canada, where a ''chaudière'' is a bucket (from 1820).^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary) The smaller domestic vessel is the [[chaudron]] (about 1150).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 1105 – ''Jaldiere'' in Rashi's glosses.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * early 12th century – ''Caldere'' “basin” (Oxford Psalter).^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1120 – A large metal vessel for boiling.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1230 – The spelling ''chaudiere''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1690 – ''Faire chaudière'' “to feast” (Furetière).^(TLFi)

+ * 1820 – A bucket, in Canada.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 1831 – The boiler of a steam engine.^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1835 – ''Chaudière à vapeur'' (Académie).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|boiler]], an apparatus that heats water or turns it into steam: ''chaudière de chauffage central''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(dated)'' A large metal vessel for heating or boiling; a [[m|en|cauldron]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Quebec)'' A [[m|en|bucket]], pail.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[chaudron]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[chaud]]

+ * [[en|cauldron]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}