panache French · revision 15694

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1524, pennache|origins=la pinna}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pa.naʃ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''panache''' ''m'' (plural panaches)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Pennache'' (about 1524, still used in the 17th century), ''pannache'' (1527), ''panache'' (1546).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|it|pennacchio|t=plume on a helmet]] (14th century),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|8, 536b) from Christian Latin [[la-lat|pinnāculum|t=pinnacle]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) itself from [[la|pinna|t=feather, wing]].^(GLLF 1989) Bloch and Wartburg derive the Italian directly from [[m|it|penna|t=feather]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873) The change of “pen-” to “pan-” came by analogy with many words of related meaning beginning with “pan-”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) It is a doublet of [[pinacle]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Compare [[es|penacho]].^(REW 1935)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A poem attributed to Jean Lemaire de Belges (about 1524) has ''pennache'' for a bunch of feathers, and Ronsard (1551) for the plume of a helmet.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The feather plume of the 16th-century soldier, like Henri IV's famous white plume, gave rise to many senses based on shape, lightness or brilliance: a bird's tail feathers (d'Aubigné, 1617), a feather-like ornament on a capital (1636), a pig's ear dish (1735), the top of a church lamp (1762).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) In Canada it names the antlers of moose and deer (1666).^(DHFQ)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The figurative sense, the dash and flair of a brave soldier, appears in Sainte-Beuve (1854): Villars, he writes, had panache by nature.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Avoir du panache'' (1880, ''avoir le panache'')^(DHLF 1992) and Rostand's Cyrano made it a byword for style and bravado.^(Petit Robert 2007) ''Faire panache'' “to turn over” is from 1867.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1524 – ''Pennache''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1546 – ''Panache'' (Rabelais).^(TLFi)

+ * 1551 – A helmet plume (Ronsard).^(TLFi)

+ * 1617 – A bird's tail (d'Aubigné).^(TLFi)

+ * 1666 – Antlers, in Canadian French.^(DHFQ)

+ * 1854 – Figurative “flair” (Sainte-Beuve).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1880 – ''Avoir le panache''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|plume]] of feathers, as on a helmet.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # A plume of smoke; something shaped like a plume: ''queue en panache''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' [[m|en|panache|alt=Panache]], dash and brilliant bravery: ''avoir du panache''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Canada)'' The [[m|en|antler|alt=antlers]] of a moose or deer.^(Wiktionary)^(DHFQ)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[empanacher]]

+ * [[panachage]]

+ * [[panacher]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pinacle]]

+ * [[penne]]

+ * [[en|panache]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}