surplus English · revision 15329

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1374|origins=la super, la plūs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈsɜːpləs/ ''(UK)''; /ˈsɝˌplʌs/, /ˈsɝpləs/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|surplus]], [[bor|fro|surplus]] (Old French also [[m|fro|sorplus|t=remainder, extra]]),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from [[la-med|superplūs|t=excess, surplus]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) from [[m|la|super-|t=over, in addition]] and [[m|la|plūs|t=more]] (see [[plus]]).^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ What remains over and above what is used or needed: about 1374 in the OED, about 1385 in Barnhart (Chaucer's ''Troilus and Criseyde'').^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) The adjective is found before 1382, in the Wycliffe Bible.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The remainder, the rest, is an obsolete sense from about 1400.^(OED 1989) Surplus value in economics, especially in Marxism, is from 1816,^(OED 1989) and in transferable-vote elections the votes beyond the quota from 1926.^(OED 1989) Shops selling military surplus are from 1951.^(OED 1989) In accounting, surplus is an excess of assets over liabilities or of income over spending.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1374 – a remaining amount.^(OED 1989)

+ * before 1382 – surplus (adjective).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1816 – surplus value.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1951 – surplus stores.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An amount more than what is needed; an [[excess]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(accounting)'' An excess of assets over [[liability|alt=liabilities]], or of income over spending.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # More than what is needed: ''surplus stock''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[capital surplus]]

+ * [[surplus value]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[plus]]

+ * [[surplusage]]

+ * [[super-]]

+ * [[plural]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}