insolens Latin · revision 10161

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Terence|origins=ine-pro *solh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈĩː.sɔ.ɫẽːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈin.so.lens]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īnsolēns''' (genitive īnsolentis, comparative īnsolentior, adverb īnsolenter); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Comparative ''īnsolentior'', superlative ''īnsolentissimus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and ⟨solēns⟩, the participle of [[soleō]] “to be accustomed”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs ⟨soleō⟩ as [[itc-pro|*sol-ē-|t=to occupy]], ⟨*sol-eh₁-⟩ “to occupy, inhabit”, though the etymology is disputed.^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan traces the negative prefix ⟨in-⟩ to [[ine-pro|*n̥-|t=not, un-]], cognate with [[grc|ἀ-|tr=a-]] and Oscan ⟨an-⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is Terence, “unaccustomed”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Terence 190–159 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant unaccustomed to, unfamiliar with, as in Terence and Caesar's ''bellī īnsolēns''; of things unusual, as in Pacuvius; from Cicero immoderate, excessive; and haughty, overbearing, arrogant, insolent.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means haughty, arrogant.^(Stelten 1995) English ''insolent'' (late 14th century) is from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of the unusual.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of excess and arrogance.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''insolent'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|unaccustomed|alt=Unaccustomed]], unfamiliar.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|unusual|alt=Unusual]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Immoderate, excessive.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Haughty, [[m|en|arrogant]], [[m|en|insolent]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[īnsolentia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[soleō]]

+ * [[en|insolent]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}