Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word recuar

Confidence
Disputed
Formation
Derivation
First attested
1400s More words from the 15th century
Ultimate origin
Latin cūlus
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin cūlus
Catalan cul
French cul
Italian culo
Portuguese cu
Portuguese recuar
Romanian cur
Spanish culo
From the same root
English cul-de-sac ← cūlus
French culotte ← cūlus
French cul-de-sac ← cul
French reculer ← cul

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /ʁe.kuˈa(ʁ)/, [he.kuˈa(h)], /ʁeˈkwa(ʁ)/[1]
  • São-Paulo: /ʁe.kuˈa(ɾ)/, [he.kuˈa(ɾ)], /ʁeˈkwa(ɾ)/[1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /ʁe.kuˈa(ʁ)/, [χe.kuˈa(χ)], /ʁeˈkwa(ʁ)/[1]
  • Caipira: /ʁe.kuˈa(ɻ)/, [he.kuˈa(ɻ)], /ʁeˈkwa(ɻ)/[1]

Forms

recuar (first-person singular present recuo, first-person singular preterite recuei, past participle recuado)[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Portuguese re- + cu + -ar, according to Houaiss, Priberam and Silva Bastos.[2][3][4][1] Houaiss compares French reculer “to go backwards”, formed in the same way from cul and first recorded about 1135.[2][5] The middle part, the noun for the backside, comes from Latin cūlus (“backside”).[6][7]

Cunha, Nascentes and Aurélio derive the verb instead from Vulgar Latin *reculāre, and the DLP and Porto Editora allow either that or the French verb.[8][9][10][11][12] Vieira (1871–1874) took it from French.[13] García de Diego sets up the same Vulgar Latin verb for Spanish recular and for the Portuguese and Galician word, and Nascentes also compares Italian rinculare.[14][9] Du Cange records Medieval Latin reculare “to go back” in a letter of remission of 1356, explained by the French word.[15]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss dates the first record to the 15th century, from Cunha's index of medieval Portuguese, and Cunha's addenda give a 15th-century example.[2][8] The sense was “to go backwards”, which Cardoso (1569) renders with Latin retrocedo.[16]

Semantic evolution

Barbosa (1611) explains it as tornar pera tras “to turn back”.[17] Bluteau (1712) adds the causative use fazer recuar and the transitive recuar “to drive back”.[18] Morais (1813) defines it as walking backwards without turning one's face, and quotes a figurative use for men who drew back in fear.[19] The noun recuo appears before 1789.[20]

The old Caldas Aulete has it of a gun that recoils when fired, of a frontier that is pushed back, and of civilisation that goes backwards.[21] Modern dictionaries add giving up a purpose, losing ground, decreasing in intensity and going back in time, and the sense of resisting progress.[2][10][22]

Timeline

  • 15th century – first record.[2][8]
  • 1569 – Cardoso enters Recuar, Latin retrocedo.[16]
  • 1611 – Barbosa: tornar pera tras.[17]
  • 1712 – Bluteau records fazer recuar.[18]
  • 1734 – Feijó glosses it ir para traz.[23]
  • before 1789 – first record of the noun recuo.[20]
  • 1813 – Morais records the transitive use.[19]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To move backwards; to retreat, retrocede: O cão recuou devagar.[2][10][1]
  2. (transitive) To move (something) back; to set further back: recuar a vedação dois metros.[2][22][3]
  3. To give up a purpose; to back down.[2][10]
  4. To lose or yield ground, of troops or an opponent.[2][10]
  5. To decrease in intensity or amount: A inflação recuou em março.[2][22]
  6. To try to escape a commitment; to hesitate.[2][10]
  7. To go back in time or to an earlier opinion: recuar à infância.[2][22]
  8. To hold ideas opposed to progress.[2][10]
  9. To recoil, flinch.[1]
  10. (typography) To indent.[1]

Word family

  • recuo
  • recuada

Usage notes

In Rio Grande do Sul the phrase recuar para topar mais forte means to give way a little in order to strike back harder, in a fight or an argument.[24]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. recuar
  3. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. recuar
  4. ^ Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. recuar
  5. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. reculer
  6. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. cu
  7. ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. cu
  8. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. recuar
  9. ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. recuar
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. recuar
  11. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. recuar
  12. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 7872
  13. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 138
  14. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954)
  15. ^ du Cange, Charles du Fresne, et al. (1883–1887), Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, augmented ed. by Léopold Favre, Niort: L. Favre, p. s.v. reculare
  16. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. recuar
  17. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. recuar
  18. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. recuar
  19. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 571
  20. ^ a b Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. recuo
  21. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. recuar
  22. ^ a b c d Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. recuar
  23. ^ Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. recuar
  24. ^ Schlee, Aldyr Garcia (2019), Dicionário da Cultura Pampeana Sul-Rio-Grandense, 2 vols., Pelotas: Fructos do Paiz, p. s.v. recuar
Cite this entry

“Recuar.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/recuar. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·