Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word recuar
- Confidence
- Disputed
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- 1400s More words from the 15th century
- Ultimate origin
- Latin cūlus
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
Forms
recuar (first-person singular present recuo, first-person singular preterite recuei, past participle recuado)[1]
Etymology
It is formed from Portuguese re- + cu + -ar, according to Houaiss, Priberam and Silva Bastos.[2][3][4][1] Houaiss compares French reculer “to go backwards”, formed in the same way from cul and first recorded about 1135.[2][5] The middle part, the noun for the backside, comes from Latin cūlus (“backside”).[6][7]
Cunha, Nascentes and Aurélio derive the verb instead from Vulgar Latin *reculāre, and the DLP and Porto Editora allow either that or the French verb.[8][9][10][11][12] Vieira (1871–1874) took it from French.[13] García de Diego sets up the same Vulgar Latin verb for Spanish recular and for the Portuguese and Galician word, and Nascentes also compares Italian rinculare.[14][9] Du Cange records Medieval Latin reculare “to go back” in a letter of remission of 1356, explained by the French word.[15]
Earliest recorded meaning
Houaiss dates the first record to the 15th century, from Cunha's index of medieval Portuguese, and Cunha's addenda give a 15th-century example.[2][8] The sense was “to go backwards”, which Cardoso (1569) renders with Latin retrocedo.[16]
Semantic evolution
Barbosa (1611) explains it as tornar pera tras “to turn back”.[17] Bluteau (1712) adds the causative use fazer recuar and the transitive recuar “to drive back”.[18] Morais (1813) defines it as walking backwards without turning one's face, and quotes a figurative use for men who drew back in fear.[19] The noun recuo appears before 1789.[20]
The old Caldas Aulete has it of a gun that recoils when fired, of a frontier that is pushed back, and of civilisation that goes backwards.[21] Modern dictionaries add giving up a purpose, losing ground, decreasing in intensity and going back in time, and the sense of resisting progress.[2][10][22]
Timeline
- 15th century – first record.[2][8]
- 1569 – Cardoso enters Recuar, Latin retrocedo.[16]
- 1611 – Barbosa: tornar pera tras.[17]
- 1712 – Bluteau records fazer recuar.[18]
- 1734 – Feijó glosses it ir para traz.[23]
- before 1789 – first record of the noun recuo.[20]
- 1813 – Morais records the transitive use.[19]
Meanings
Verb
- To move backwards; to retreat, retrocede: O cão recuou devagar.[2][10][1]
- (transitive) To move (something) back; to set further back: recuar a vedação dois metros.[2][22][3]
- To give up a purpose; to back down.[2][10]
- To lose or yield ground, of troops or an opponent.[2][10]
- To decrease in intensity or amount: A inflação recuou em março.[2][22]
- To try to escape a commitment; to hesitate.[2][10]
- To go back in time or to an earlier opinion: recuar à infância.[2][22]
- To hold ideas opposed to progress.[2][10]
- To recoil, flinch.[1]
- (typography) To indent.[1]
Word family
- recuo
- recuada
Related words
Usage notes
In Rio Grande do Sul the phrase recuar para topar mais forte means to give way a little in order to strike back harder, in a fight or an argument.[24]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. recuar
- ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. recuar
- ^ Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. recuar
- ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. reculer
- ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. cu
- ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. cu
- ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. recuar
- ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. recuar
- ^ a b c d e f g Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. recuar
- ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. recuar
- ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 7872
- ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 138
- ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954)
- ^ du Cange, Charles du Fresne, et al. (1883–1887), Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, augmented ed. by Léopold Favre, Niort: L. Favre, p. s.v. reculare
- ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. recuar
- ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. recuar
- ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. recuar
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 571
- ^ a b Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. recuo
- ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. recuar
- ^ a b c d Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. recuar
- ^ Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. recuar
- ^ Schlee, Aldyr Garcia (2019), Dicionário da Cultura Pampeana Sul-Rio-Grandense, 2 vols., Pelotas: Fructos do Paiz, p. s.v. recuar
Cite this entry
“Recuar.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/recuar. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
Last edited on . ·