Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word lealdade

Confidence
Probable
Formation
Derivation
First attested
1200s More words from the 13th century
Ultimate origin
Latin lēx
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin lēx
French loi
Italian legge
Portuguese lei
Romanian lege
Spanish ley
Latin lēgālis
French loyal
Romanian loial
Portuguese leal
Portuguese lealdade
Spanish leal
English legal
Italian legale
Portuguese legal
Spanish legal
From the same root
Latin exlēx ← lēx
Latin lēgifer ← lēx
Latin lēgislātiō ← lēx
Latin lēgislātor ← lēx
Latin legista ← lēx
Latin lēgitimus ← lēx
Latin legō ← lēx
Latin prīvilēgium ← lēx
French loyauté ← lēgālis
Latin illēgālis ← lēgālis
Latin lēgālitās ← lēgālis
Romanian ilegal ← lēgālis
English loyalist ← loyal
French déloyal ← loyal
Romanian loialitate ← loyal
English legalize ← legal
Italian illegale ← legale
Spanish legalidad ← legal

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /le.awˈda.d͡ʒi/, [le.aʊ̯ˈda.d͡ʒi][1]
  • Portugal: /ljalˈda.dɨ/, [ljaɫˈda.ðɨ][1]
  • Portugal, Southern: /ljalˈda.dɨ/, [ljaɫˈda.dɨ][1]

Forms

lealdade f (plural lealdades)[1] Houaiss records the 15th-century spellings lealldade and lyaldade.[2] Feijó (1734) sets lealdade against the spelling lialdade.[3]

Etymology

Houaiss analyses it as from Portuguese leal + -dade, and it is written Old Galician-Portuguese lealdade in the oldest texts.[2][4][5] Nascentes, the DLP, Porto Editora and Wiktionary instead derive the noun itself from Medieval Latin lēgālitās, built on the same adjective.[6][7][8][1] Nascentes marks this Latin noun as a reconstruction.[6] Wiktionary calls it a doublet of the learned legalidade.[1]

The adjective leal is the inherited outcome of Latin lēgālis (“of the law”), which is formed from lēx (“law”) with the suffix -ālis.[9][10][11] Houaiss calls it the popular doublet of legal.[9] The same Latin adjective gives Galician leal, Spanish leal, Catalan lleial, French loyal and Italian leale; the REW takes the Italian word from Old French.[1][12] The noun's counterpart is Spanish lealtad.[13]

Earliest recorded meaning

The medieval word already means “loyalty, faithfulness”: Michaëlis glosses it in the Cancioneiro da Ajuda as fidelity and devotion.[4] In the cantigas d'amigo teer, fazer or trager lealdade a alguem means “to be faithful to someone”, and con lealdade “loyally, frankly”.[4] A cantiga complains of a lover who does not keep full faith with the girl: non lhi trag' el lealdade comprida.[14] The Cantigas de Santa Maria praise the Virgin's loyalty (Loemos ssa lealdade) and call her a Sennor de lealdade.[4]

Semantic evolution

Cardoso (1569) renders the word by Latin fides, and Barbosa (1611) and Pereira (1697) by fidelitas.[15][16][17] Morais (1789) defines it as the quality of being loyal, fidelity.[18] Houaiss distinguishes respect for the principles of honour and probity, faithfulness to one's commitments, and the character of an action inspired by them.[2] In Rio Grande do Sul the word is also used of the faithfulness expected of dogs and horses.[19]

Timeline

  • 13th century – first records, in the cantigas and the Cancioneiro da Ajuda.[10][2][4]
  • c. 1430 – lealdade in the Horto do Esposo (copied 1390–1437).[20]
  • 15th century – the spellings lealldade and lyaldade.[2]
  • 1569 – Cardoso glosses it with Latin fides.[15]
  • 1611 – Barbosa glosses it with fidelitas.[16]
  • 1734 – Feijó prefers lealdade to lialdade.[3]
  • 1789 – Morais defines it as the quality of being loyal.[18]

Meanings

Noun

  1. Respect for the principles of honour and probity; honesty, sincerity.[2][21]
  2. loyalty, faithfulness to the commitments one has made or to a person or cause: Sempre mostrou lealdade aos amigos.[2][1][7]
  3. The quality of an action inspired by this respect or faithfulness.[2][5]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. lealdade
  3. ^ a b Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. lealdade
  4. ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. lealdade
  5. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. lealdade
  6. ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. lealdade
  7. ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. lealdade
  8. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 5615
  9. ^ a b Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. leal
  10. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. legume
  11. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  12. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. legalis
  13. ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 3, 612
  14. ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. lealdade
  15. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. lealdade
  16. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. lealdade
  17. ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. lealdade
  18. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 12
  19. ^ Schlee, Aldyr Garcia (2019), Dicionário da Cultura Pampeana Sul-Rio-Grandense, 2 vols., Pelotas: Fructos do Paiz, p. s.v. lealdade
  20. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. lealdade
  21. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. lealdade
Cite this entry

“Lealdade.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/lealdade. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·