Old Norse words first recorded in the 13th century

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *galdijaną (“to castrate”), a verb made to the adjective Proto-Germanic *galdaz (“barren”), whence Old Norse geldr (“barren, giving no milk”). The verb has…

Wiktionary gives it as inherited from Proto-Germanic *hampą (“good luck, chance”). De Vries thinks it perhaps from such a form with ⟨mp⟩, comparing the Swedish reflexive verb hampa (“to come…

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *blaikaz (“pale, shining”), an o-grade adjective made to the strong verb *blīkaną (“to shine”), Old Norse blíkja. The cognates are Old English blāc (“shining…

Its origin is not settled: de Vries compares bolr (“trunk, body”). Torp sets it in ablaut with balkr (“partition”) and bjalki (“beam”), and with Old English bolca (“gangway plank”), which Holthausen…

It is inherited from Proto-Norse *ᚠᛖᚱᚦᚢᛉ (*ferþuʀ), from Proto-Germanic *ferþuz (“inlet”). Kroonen and Orel take it as the full grade of the noun behind Old English ford and Old High German furt…

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hafraz (“billy goat”), cognate with Old English hæfer (“he-goat”). De Vries adds an East Franconian “haberling” “yearling he-goat” and the German dialect bird…

Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon explains it as a stem with a doubled consonant, *kluƀƀ-, which he relates to kólfr “bolt, clapper” and kylfa “club”, and traces it inherited from Proto-Germanic to the…

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skurtijǭ (“skirt, apron”), a noun formed from the adjective *skurtaz (“short”). The same noun is Old English scyrte and Middle Low German schorte (“apron”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *balluz (“ball”), beside the *n*-stem Proto-Germanic *ballô, the source of Old High German ballo and bal. Kroonen takes the *n*-stem as the original word and…

1. The word for the egg is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ajją (“egg”), a neuter that continues the Proto-Indo-European word for the egg, Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm. Its relatives are Old English…

It is in origin the past participle of a strong verb that is not recorded, *rjóta (“to decay, fall apart”), which is inherited from Proto-Germanic *reutaną (“to rot”). Torp sets up the same Germanic…

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skīdą (“piece of wood, billet”), a word for a piece split off a log. Its cognates are Old English scīd, Old Frisian skīd and Old High German scīt (“log”), the…

Cleasby and Vigfússon derive the noun from Old Norse skilja (“to separate, distinguish”), and Torp sets both beside a Germanic noun from the root “to divide”. De Vries gives Proto-Norse *skeli-, and…

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *truzlą (“supernatural being, fiend”), with a cognate in Middle High German trolle (“spook, monster, lout”). Its origin is unclear. Sievers derived it from a form…

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *waikwaz (“weak, pliable”), which Kroonen writes *waika-. Its cognates are Old English wāc (“weak”), Old Saxon wēk (“weak”), Dutch week (“soft, weak”) and Old…

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *gazdaz (“prickle, goad”), whose other descendants are Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃 (gazds, “sting, goad”), Old Saxon gard (“rod”) and Old High German gart (“prickle”). The Old…

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *flataz (“flat”). The adjective is shared with Old Saxon flat (“flat, shallow”) and Old High German flaz (“flat”), and in ablaut with Middle Low German vlōt…

Its origin is disputed. Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon thinks it perhaps borrowed from Old English cræt (“cart, chariot”), a word he derives from a Germanic stem *kret- “to plait, twist”, related to Old…

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skrapōną (“to scrape, scratch”), the source of Old English scrapian and Middle Low German schrapen. It stands in ablaut with the strong verb screpan (“to…

It is formed from Old Norse staka + -ra, an intensive verb to staka (“to stumble, stagger”). Gersum reconstructs Proto-Germanic *stakrōjan- and connects the root of Old English staca (“stake”)…

Its origin is unknown. Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon compares Norwegian Nynorsk bagge (“pack; stout person, stocky animal”), the Swedish dialect word bagge (“ram, boy”), the English word bag and Middle…

1. The word for the bench is inherited from Proto-Germanic *bankiz (“bench”), the source of Old English benc, Old Frisian benk, Old Saxon bank and Old High German bank. The /kk/ is assimilated from…

It is probably borrowed from Middle Low German hank (“handle”). De Vries notes that the native form should have been *hǫkk, which makes a loan possible, or perhaps an East Scandinavian form. Ásgeir…

It is probably borrowed from Old English cawel (“cabbage”), a word Old English had taken from Latin caulis (“stalk, cabbage stalk, cabbage”). Fischer lists it among the Latin words that reached Old…

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“something bent, a hook”). De Vries compares Old High German kracho (“hook, fork”) and sets it with kraki, kriki and krœkja; Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon…

It is a native word, related to the strong verb rífa (“to tear, rend”): Torp places both under Proto-Germanic *rīban (“to tear”), and Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon refers the noun to rif and the verb. De…

Its origin is uncertain; Wiktionary tentatively relates it to Proto-Germanic *slīdaną (“to slide”). Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon derives it from Proto-Indo-European *slēdʰ- (“to drag”), with Norwegian…

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *spiką (“bacon, fat”), the source also of Old English spic (“bacon, lard”), Old Saxon spek and Old High German spec. Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon reconstructs…

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *drūpōjan-, a weak verb formed on the strong verb Proto-Germanic *dreupaną (“to drip”), which gave drjúpa (“to drip”), Old English drēopan, Old Saxon driopan and…