noemen
Pronunciation
- /ˈnumə(n)/[1]
Forms
noemen[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Middle Dutch noemen, inherited from Old Dutch *nuomen, inherited from Proto-Germanic *nōmijaną, a verb formed with ablaut from the noun behind naam “name”.[2][1][3][4] The same verb is Middle Low German nōmen, Middle High German benüemen and Old Frisian nōmia, and dialects keep umlauted forms: ⟨nömen⟩ in the Achterhoek, ⟨nümen⟩ in Brabant and Antwerp.[2][3][4] A form without umlaut, Middle High German nuomen, goes back to a variant *nōmōn-.[2][3][4] These verbs are found only in continental West Germanic.[2]
The common Germanic verb for naming was *namnjan-: nennen, Old Saxon nemnian, Old High German nemnen (modern German nennen), Old English nemnan, Old Norse nefna and Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (namnjan).[2] Its second ⟨n⟩ continues the one in the stem Proto-Indo-European *h₃néh₃-mn- (“name”).[2] A verb formed directly from the noun without ablaut gave Old English namian, modern English name.[2]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is from Ghent in 1237, in a charter that refers to forfait dat hir ghenoemet es, “the aforesaid fine”.[2][5] In 1250 a Rhineland text has Tristant ben ic genomet, “I am called Tristan”, and Van der Sijs dates the sense “to give a name” to 1249.[2][5][6][7]
Semantic evolution
Middle Dutch used noemen for giving a name, naming after someone, calling by name, regarding as something and pointing out a person.[5] The derivative noemer “denominator” appears in an arithmetic book of 1508, which explains that it names the parts into which the whole is divided.[2] In Belgian Dutch the verb is also used intransitively for “to be called”.[2][8][1] Negerhollands took the verb as noem “to name, call”.[9]
Timeline
- 1237 – Middle Dutch ghenoemet “named, aforesaid”, in Ghent.[2][5]
- 1249 – Nomen “to give a name”.[6][7]
- 1250 – Tristant ben ic genomet.[2][5]
- 1508 – Noemer “denominator” in an arithmetic book.[2]
- 1599 – Kiliaan lists noemen.[2]
Meanings
Verb
- To call, name, refer to by a name or a quality: ze noemden de kat Pluis.[8][1][10]
- To mention by name: kun je drie rivieren noemen?.[8][1]
- (Belgium) To be called: hoe noemt dat dorp?.[8][1][2]
Word family
- noemer
- benoemen
- hernoemen
- opnoemen
- vernoemen
- zogenoemd
- genoemd
- onnoembaar
- onnoemelijk
- noemenswaard
- noemenswaardig
Related words
Usage notes
Een kat een kat noemen, “to call a cat a cat”, is to call a spade a spade, and ik noem maar een dwarsstraat means “just to give an example”.[8] Using noemen for heten is frowned upon outside Belgium.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; Sijs, Nicoline van der (2003–2009), Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands, 4 vols., Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press; online via etymologiebank.nl
- ^ a b c Vries, Jan de (1971), Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek, Leiden: Brill
- ^ a b c Franck, Johannes; Wijk, Nicolaas van (1912), Franck's Etymologisch woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal, 2nd ed., 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff
- ^ a b c d e Pijnenburg, W. J. J., et al. (2001), Vroegmiddelnederlands woordenboek: woordenboek van het Nederlands van de dertiende eeuw in hoofdzaak op basis van het Corpus-Gysseling, Leiden: Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie; gtb.ivdnt.org
- ^ a b Sijs, Nicoline van der (2001), Chronologisch woordenboek: de ouderdom en herkomst van onze woorden en betekenissen, Amsterdam / Antwerpen: Veen
- ^ a b Vries, Jan de; Tollenaere, Félicien de (2004), Etymologisch woordenboek: onze woorden, hun oorsprong en ontwikkeling, 23rd ed., Utrecht: Het Spectrum
- ^ a b c d e Van Dale Groot woordenboek hedendaags Nederlands (2014), Utrecht / Antwerpen: Van Dale Uitgevers
- ^ Sijs, Nicoline van der (2010), Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd, Den Haag: Sdu; with additions from the Uitleenwoordenbank (2015)
- ^ WikiWoordenboek (Dutch Wiktionary), nl.wiktionary.org