noemen Dutch · revision 37309

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1237, Middle Dutch (Ghent)|origins=gem-pro *nōmijaną}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈnumə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''noemen'''^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|noemen]], [[inh|odt|*nuomen]], [[inh|gem-pro|*nōmijaną]], a verb formed with ablaut from the noun behind [[naam]] “name”.^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) The same verb is [[gml|nōmen]], [[gmh|benüemen]] and [[ofs|nōmia]], and dialects keep umlauted forms: ⟨nömen⟩ in the Achterhoek, ⟨nümen⟩ in Brabant and Antwerp.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) A form without umlaut, Middle High German [[m|gmh|nuomen]], goes back to a variant [[m|gem-pro|*nōmōną|alt=*nōmōn-]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) These verbs are found only in continental West Germanic.^(EWN)

+

+ The common Germanic verb for naming was [[m|gem-pro|*namnijaną|alt=*namnjan-]]: [[m|dum|nennen]], [[osx|nemnian]], [[goh|nemnen]] (modern [[de|nennen]]), [[ang|nemnan]], [[non|nefna]] and [[got|𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=namnjan]].^(EWN) Its second ⟨n⟩ continues the one in the stem [[ine-pro|*h₃néh₃mn̥|alt=*h₃néh₃-mn-|t=name]].^(EWN) A verb formed directly from the noun without ablaut gave [[ang|namian]], modern [[en|name]].^(EWN)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is from Ghent in 1237, in a charter that refers to ''forfait dat hir ghenoemet es'', “the aforesaid fine”.^(EWN)^(VMNW) In 1250 a Rhineland text has ''Tristant ben ic genomet'', “I am called Tristan”, and Van der Sijs dates the sense “to give a name” to 1249.^(EWN)^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle Dutch used ''noemen'' for giving a name, naming after someone, calling by name, regarding as something and pointing out a person.^(VMNW) The derivative [[noemer]] “denominator” appears in an arithmetic book of 1508, which explains that it names the parts into which the whole is divided.^(EWN) In Belgian Dutch the verb is also used intransitively for “to be called”.^(EWN)^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) Negerhollands took the verb as ''noem'' “to name, call”.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1237 – Middle Dutch ''ghenoemet'' “named, aforesaid”, in Ghent.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1249 – ''Nomen'' “to give a name”.^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004)

+ * 1250 – ''Tristant ben ic genomet''.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1508 – ''Noemer'' “denominator” in an arithmetic book.^(EWN)

+ * 1599 – Kiliaan lists ''noemen''.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|call]], name, refer to by a name or a quality: ''ze noemden de kat Pluis''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # To [[m|en|mention]] by name: ''kun je drie rivieren noemen?''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # (Belgium) To be called: ''hoe noemt dat dorp?''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[noemer]]

+ * [[benoemen]]

+ * [[hernoemen]]

+ * [[opnoemen]]

+ * [[vernoemen]]

+ * [[zogenoemd]]

+ * [[genoemd]]

+ * [[onnoembaar]]

+ * [[onnoemelijk]]

+ * [[noemenswaard]]

+ * [[noemenswaardig]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[naam]]

+ * [[en|name]]

+ * [[de|nennen]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Een kat een kat noemen'', “to call a cat a cat”, is to call a spade a spade, and ''ik noem maar een dwarsstraat'' means “just to give an example”.^(Van Dale 2014) Using ''noemen'' for ''heten'' is frowned upon outside Belgium.^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}