Etymologically

1300s

Latin words first recorded in the 14th century

25 Latin words whose earliest known written record dates from the 14th century, earliest first. Words dated only to part of the century follow the ones with a year.

  1. realitas

    1301

    It is from Latin reālis (“real”) + -tās. It is the source of French réalité, Italian realtà and Spanish realidad, and, partly through French, of English reality.

  2. commissionarius

    1316

    It is from Latin commissiō (“a committing; in Medieval Latin, a delegation of business”) + -ārius.

  3. offensivus

    1319

    It is from Latin offendō (“to strike against, offend”) + -īvus, formed on the verb's participle stem ⟨offēns-⟩.

  4. registratio

    1320

    It is from Medieval Latin registrō (“to register”) + -tiō, formed on the past-participle stem of the verb, which comes from registrum (“register”).

  5. salsa

    1324

    It is from Latin salsus (“salted”), its feminine used as a noun, and goes back to sāl (“salt”). The Breviloquus already explained the form ⟨salcia⟩ as coming from salsus.

  6. alligantia

    1325

    It is a Medieval Latin noun from Latin alligō (“to bind to, tie”) + -antia. Köbler records it from 1337 on, after Latham.

  7. copio

    1329

    It is a Medieval Latin verb from cōpia, which in Medieval Latin had come to mean a transcript or copy besides its classical sense “abundance”. The DMLBS files it with the classical deponent cōpior…

  8. armistitium

    1335

    It is from Latin arma (“arms, weapons”) + sistō (“to halt”) + -ium, formed like sōlstitium “solstice”, whose second part, ⟨-stitium⟩, occurs only in compounds. Etymonline traces that part to a…

  9. reactio

    1344

    It is from Latin reagō (“to act again; to react”) + -tiō. The DMLBS analyses it as re- (“back, again”) and āctiō (“action”), and Etymonline as a noun of action formed on the past-participle stem of…

  10. geologia

    1345

    It was formed in Medieval Latin from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê, “earth”) and λόγος (lógos, “word, account”); Wiktionary analyses it as γεω- (geō-) with Latin -logia.

  11. laboratorium

    1347

    It is from Latin labōrō (“to work”) + -tōrium, a Medieval Latin formation. Wiktionary takes it as the neuter of the medieval adjective labōrātōrius (“of work”), itself from labōrātor (“worker”)…

  12. compatibilis

    1348

    It is from Latin compatior (“to suffer with; to be compatible”) + -bilis, a medieval Latin adjective. Wiktionary analyses it instead as con- and patibilis (“endurable”), in the sense “enduring each…

  13. insecurus

    1350

    It is from Latin in- (“not”) + sēcūrus (“free from care, safe”), a Medieval Latin formation. English insecure was taken from it.

  14. obiectivus

    1360

    It is from Latin obiciō (“to present, expose”) + -īvus. Etymonline relates it to obiectum (“object”) and ascribes its philosophical use to Duns Scotus.

  15. passionatus

    1360

    It is from Latin passiō (“suffering; passion”) + -ātus.

  16. graduatus

    1361

    Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle from Latin graduō (“to take a degree”), which the DMLBS heads as the deponent ⟨graduārī⟩; the verb is from gradus (“step, degree”).

  17. praeservatio

    1365

    It is from Latin praeservō + -tiō, a noun of action from the Medieval Latin verb.

  18. disponibilis

    1367

    It is from Latin dispōnō (“to arrange, dispose”) + -bilis.

  19. executo

    1379

    It is a Medieval Latin verb formed from execūtus, the past participle of exsequor (“to follow out, carry out”). Spellings with ⟨exs-⟩ and ⟨exequ-⟩ are also recorded.

  20. identificatio

    1380

    It is from Latin identificō (“to identify”) + -tiō. The verb is formed from īdem (“the same”) and -ficō.

  21. qualificatio

    1389

    It is from Latin quālificō (“to qualify”) + -tiō. The medieval verb was formed from quālis (“of what kind”) with -ficus and a verb ending; the DMLBS compares Classical magnificō.

  22. picarium

    1392

    It is a form from Medieval Latin bicarium (“drinking vessel, cup”), as Köbler and Du Cange have it. Etymonline likewise takes the Medieval Latin forms with /p/ as altered from that word, which it…

  23. occurrentia

    1398

    It is from Latin occurrō (“to run to meet, to happen”) + -entia, through its present participle occurrēns.

  24. mathematicalis

    1400–1499

    It is formed from Latin mathēmatica + -ālis. The DMLBS classes it as medieval Latin.

  25. mansus

    It is from Latin maneō (“to stay, remain”), formed with the suffix -tus of verbal nouns, and is the noun use of its past participle mānsus. De Vaan explains that participle as a secondary formation…

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