Etymologically
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verso

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ˈwɛr.soː][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɛr.so][1]

Forms

versō (present infinitive versāre, perfect active versāvī, supine versātum); first conjugation[1] The archaic form vorsō is used by Plautus, Terence and Sallust.[2]

Etymology

It is the frequentative of vertō “to turn”, formed with -tō.[2][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of whirling something round.[2] Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.[3]

Semantic evolution

It meant to keep turning, spin, whirl, as in Ennius; to turn over earth in ploughing or water in rowing; to stir an urn of lots, as in Ovid; to swing a weapon, ply, or wheel a horse, as in Virgil; to turn one's eyes this way and that in doubt, as in Lucretius; to twist a material into shape, and in rhetoric to vary an expression; and to turn over in the mind, ponder, as in Plautus.[2]

The passive versor had a middle sense: to move about constantly in a place, spend time, live among people, as in Plautus; of conditions, to obtain, subsist, as in Cicero; and to be involved or busy oneself in something.[2] In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to change, turn, treat, deliberate.[4] Its compound conversor “to live with” is the source of English conversation.[5]

Timeline

  • 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.[2][3]
  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of pondering and of living somewhere.[2][3]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses versārī of conditions.[2][3]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To keep turning, spin, whirl; to turn over (earth); to stir.[2]
  2. To swing, wield; to manoeuvre.[2]
  3. To twist into shape; to vary.[2]
  4. To turn over in the mind, ponder.[2]
  5. (passive, versor) To move about, live, spend time; to be engaged in.[2]

Word family

  • adversō
  • circumversō
  • conversō
  • inversō
  • reversō
  • subversō
  • versābilis
  • versābundus
  • versātilis
  • versātiō

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  4. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  5. ^ Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com