Etymologically
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velox

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ˈweː.ɫoːks][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɛː.loks][1]

Forms

vēlōx (genitive vēlōcis, comparative vēlōcior, superlative vēlocissimus, adverb vēlōciter); third-declension one-termination adjective[1]

Etymology

It may mean “wind-like”, from a noun Proto-Italic *wēlo- (“wind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ueh₁-lo- (“wind”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”), as in ventus “wind”.[2][1] Older theories tied it to Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to carry”), and Etymonline calls it of uncertain origin.[1][3] The Oxford Latin Dictionary compares vēles “light-armed soldier”.[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Ennius uses it.[2] Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.[5]

Semantic evolution

In Classical Latin it was swift or fast in movement, as Lucilius' skirmisher and Caesar's fastest infantry, quick in action, as Cicero's “nothing is swifter than the mind”, and quickly achieved.[4][6] Döderlein sets it and pernīx against citus and celer, which denote mere quick motion.[7]

Its noun vēlōcitās “speed”, found from Sisenna on, gave English velocity.[2][3] It was borrowed as Italian veloce and Spanish veloz.[1]

Timeline

  • 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.[2][5]
  • c. 50 BC – Caesar speaks of the fastest infantry.[6][5]
  • early 15th century – English velocity is recorded.[3]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Swift, fast, quick.[4][8]
  2. Rapid in action.[4]
  3. Speedily achieved.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  3. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  4. ^ a b c d e Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  5. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  7. ^ Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper
  8. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press