Etymologically
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utrimque

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ʊˈtrɪŋ.kʷɛ][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [uˈtrim.kʷe][1]

Forms

utrimque (not comparable)[1] It is also spelled utrinque.[2]

Etymology

It is formed from uterque (“each of two, both”) with the adverbial ending ⟨-im⟩, an adverbial accusative like multum and the adverbs in -tim.[3][1] De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of uter (“which of two”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *kʷotero- and Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-tero- (“which of two”), remade in Latin after the interrogative stem of ubī and ut; cognates are Oscan pútereípíd (“in both”), Ancient Greek πότερος (póteros, “which of two”), Sanskrit कतर (katará-, “which of two”) and Gothic 𐍈𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂 (ƕaþar, “which of two”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Ennius, Annals: horrēscit tēlīs exercitus asper utrimque, “on both sides the army bristles rough with spears”.[3][2][4]

Semantic evolution

Utrimque means “on both sides, at both ends” (Lucretius of the air pressing the earth from both sides), and especially on both sides in a battle or war (Ennius) or in a dispute: Livy speaks of good faith kept between allies utrimque.[3] Manilius uses it of both sides of a division or classification.[3] Church Latin glosses it “on both sides, in both cases”.[5]

Timeline

  • 204–169 BC – Ennius of armies on both sides.[3][6]
  • 96–55 BC – Lucretius of both sides of the world.[3][6]
  • 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of faith kept on both sides.[3][6]

Meanings

Adverb

  1. On or from both sides; at both ends.[3][1][5]
  2. On both sides (in a war or dispute).[3]
  3. In both cases.[5]

Word family

  • utrimquesecus
  • utrinsecus

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  4. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  6. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de