Etymologically
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simultas

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [sɪˈmʊɫ.taːs][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [siˈmul.tas][1]

Forms

simultās f (genitive simultātis); third declension[1] The genitive plural is simultātium or simultātum.[2][3]

Etymology

It is from Latin simul (“together”) + -tās, first “a coming together, an encounter” of two parties.[1][2] De Vaan traces simul and similis to Proto-Italic *semali- (“alike, together”) and Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-el-i-.[4] Cognate with Old Irish samail (“like”), Ancient Greek ὁμαλός (homalós, “level, even”) and Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌼𐌻𐌴 (simle, “once”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus,[4][5] whose Pseudolus has a man afraid that the other will sell the girl because of their quarrel.[2]

Semantic evolution

It is a state of hostility, a quarrel, feud or rivalry.[2][3] Döderlein distinguishes it from odium and invidia, which are the feeling of aversion: simultas and inimīcitia are the outward state that the feeling produces.[6] Hyginus uses it of a contest or trial, the task Aeetes set Jason.[2]

Church Latin glosses it “enmity, jealousy, dissension, grudge, rivalry”.[7]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a quarrel.[2][4][5]
  • 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, with the genitive plural simultatium.[2][5]

Meanings

Noun

  1. Enmity, a quarrel, feud, rivalry, grudge.[2][3][1]
  2. A contest, trial.[2][1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ a b c d de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper
  7. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson