Etymologically
Log in

scientia

This is the current revision of this entry, as edited by bogdan on 15 October 2026 at 20:00. This address is a permanent link to this version.
Changes in this edit History

Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [skiˈɛn.ti.a][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ʃiˈɛn.t͡si.a][1]

Forms

scientia f (genitive scientiae); first declension[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin sciēns (“knowing”) + -ia, from sciō “to know”.[2][1][3] De Vaan takes scio as a back-formation from nesciō, perhaps from a root meaning “to cut, distinguish”, Proto-Italic *skije/o-, Proto-Indo-European *skh₁-i(e/o)-.[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is found from Varro onwards,[3][1] who says the physician Hippocrates saved many towns by his knowledge.[2]

Semantic evolution

It meant knowledge of a fact or situation, as in Cicero, expert understanding of an art or science, and learning or erudition.[2][1] In philosophy it rendered Greek ἐπιστήμη, knowledge as opposed to belief.[1]

In Medieval Latin it was a science, an organised branch of knowledge, and in logic knowledge from cause to effect.[1] English science came from it through Old French in the mid-14th century.[4]

Timeline

  • 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of medical knowledge.[2][5]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of knowledge and learning.[2][5]
  • mid-14th century – English science is recorded.[4]

Meanings

Noun

  1. Knowledge, awareness.[2][1]
  2. Expert knowledge, skill.[2][1]
  3. Learning, erudition.[2][1]
  4. (philosophy) Knowledge (as opposed to belief).[1]
  5. (Medieval Latin) A science.[1]

Word family

  • nescientia
  • scientiola

Usage notes

Döderlein distinguishes cognitio, the act of acquiring knowledge, from scientia and notitia, states of knowing.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  4. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  5. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper