scientia Latin · revision 3707

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro|origins=la scio}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [skiˈɛn.ti.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ʃiˈɛn.t͡si.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''scientia''' ''f'' (genitive scientiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sciens|-ia|alt1=sciēns|t1=knowing]], from [[scio|alt=sciō]] “to know”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan takes ''scio'' as a back-formation from [[nescio|alt=nesciō]], perhaps from a root meaning “to cut, distinguish”, [[itc-pro|*skije/o-]], [[ine-pro|*skh₁-i(e/o)-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Varro onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) who says the physician Hippocrates saved many towns by his knowledge.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant knowledge of a fact or situation, as in Cicero, expert understanding of an art or science, and learning or erudition.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) In philosophy it rendered Greek ἐπιστήμη, knowledge as opposed to belief.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was a science, an organised branch of knowledge, and in logic knowledge from cause to effect.^(Wiktionary) English ''science'' came from it through Old French in the mid-14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of medical knowledge.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of knowledge and learning.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''science'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Knowledge]], awareness.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Expert knowledge, skill.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Learning, erudition.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(philosophy)'' Knowledge (as opposed to belief).^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|science]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nescientia]]

+ * [[scientiola]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|science]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''cognitio'', the act of acquiring knowledge, from ''scientia'' and ''notitia'', states of knowing.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}