Etymologically
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saevio

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ˈsae̯.wi.oː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [ˈsɛː.vi.o][1]

Forms

saeviō (present infinitive saevīre, perfect active saeviī, supine saevītum); fourth conjugation, impersonal in the passive[1] Lucretius has the old imperfect saevībat.[2][3] Plautus has the future saevībit.[2]

Etymology

It is formed from Latin saevus (“fierce, savage”) + -iō.[2][1] De Vaan traces saevus to Proto-Italic *saiwo- (“savage”) and Proto-Indo-European *seh₂i-wo- (“savage”), cognate with Old Irish sáeth (“sorrow”), Hittite šāi- (“to become angry”) and Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍂 (sair, “pain”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Plautus, Bacchides: lēniter quī saeviunt sapiunt magis, “those who rage mildly are wiser”.[2]

Semantic evolution

It is to behave ferociously, to rage, and with in to vent one's rage on someone, as Propertius' Scylla against her father's hair.[2] It is used of wild animals (Virgil's bears raging in their pens, and of their growling) and of natural forces, as the wind raging with a threatening roar in Lucretius.[2] Horace has a poison raging in his chest, and Virgil the love of arms and the madness of war.[2] Seneca uses it of violent pain.[2]

Church Latin glosses it “rage, be fierce, be furious, be cruel, be violent”.[5]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of people raging.[2][6]
  • 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a raging wind.[2][6]
  • 70–19 BC – Virgil of bears and of the madness of war.[2][6]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To rage, be furious, behave savagely; to vent one's rage (on).[2][1][5]
  2. (of animals) To be fierce; to growl.[2]
  3. (of winds, waves, poisons) To rage, bluster.[2][1]
  4. (of passions, pain) To rage, be violent.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  6. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de