saevio Latin · revision 30816

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *seh₂i-wo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsae̯.wi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsɛː.vi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''saeviō''' (present infinitive saevīre, perfect active saeviī, supine saevītum); fourth conjugation, impersonal in the passive^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucretius has the old imperfect ''saevībat''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Plautus has the future ''saevībit''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|saevus|-iō|t1=fierce, savage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|saevus]] to [[itc-pro|*saiwo-|t=savage]] and [[ine-pro|*seh₂i-wo-|t=savage]], cognate with [[sga|sáeth|t=sorrow]], [[hit|šāi-|t=to become angry]] and [[got|𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍂|tr=sair|t=pain]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Bacchides'': ''lēniter quī saeviunt sapiunt magis'', “those who rage mildly are wiser”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to behave ferociously, to rage, and with ''in'' to vent one's rage on someone, as Propertius' Scylla against her father's hair.^(OLD 2012) It is used of wild animals (Virgil's bears raging in their pens, and of their growling) and of natural forces, as the wind raging with a threatening roar in Lucretius.^(OLD 2012) Horace has a poison raging in his chest, and Virgil the love of arms and the madness of war.^(OLD 2012) Seneca uses it of violent pain.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “rage, be fierce, be furious, be cruel, be violent”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of people raging.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a raging wind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of bears and of the madness of war.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|rage]], be furious, behave savagely; to vent one's rage (on).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(of animals)'' To be fierce; to growl.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of winds, waves, poisons)'' To rage, bluster.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of passions, pain)'' To rage, be violent.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[saevē]]

+ * [[saevitās]]

+ * [[saeviter]]

+ * [[saevus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}