Etymologically
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resurrectio

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [rɛ.sʊrˈreːk.ti.oː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [re.s̬urˈrɛk.t͡si.o][1]

Forms

resurrēctiō f (genitive resurrēctiōnis); third declension[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin resurgō (“to rise again”) + -tiō, formed on the stem of its past participle.[2][3][4] The verb is formed from re- (“again”) and surgō (“to rise”),[4] which de Vaan lists among the derivatives of regō (“to direct, guide”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-e/o- (“to stretch, direct”).[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is a word of Christian Latin.[2][6] It is first found in Tertullian (c. 160–220),[7] who in his work on the resurrection of the flesh speaks of mortuorum resurrectio, the resurrection of the dead.[2][3][6]

Semantic evolution

Lactantius uses it of the resurrection of Christ,[2][3] and the Vulgate has it for the resurrection of the dead in the Gospels;[2][3] Sulpicius Severus speaks of the resurrectio dominica, the Lord's resurrection.[2][3] The Vulgate Psalms also use it plainly for getting up,[6] and Fulgentius figuratively for a reviving of grief.[3]

In medieval Latin resurrectio dominica could mean Sunday,[8] and the word was used for Easter and the season from Easter to Pentecost, for the Resurrection as an era in dating, and for the Church of the Resurrection in Jerusalem.[9] Writers such as Bede set the first resurrection, which comes in this life through the forgiveness of sins, against the general resurrection.[9] Thomas Aquinas defines it as a restoring from death to life.[10] In the Genoese annals it is used of the revival of feuds,[11] and in the Mozarabic Mass it named the seventh of the nine parts into which the host was divided.[11] English borrowed it around 1300, partly through Anglo-French,[4] and Italian has risurrezione from Late Latin.[6]

Timeline

  • c. 160–220 – Tertullian writes of the resurrection of the dead.[2][6][7]
  • c. 250–317 – Lactantius uses it of the resurrection of Christ.[2][3][7]
  • 390–406 – The Vulgate uses it in the Gospels and the Psalms.[2][3][6][7]
  • c. 363–c. 420 – Sulpicius Severus has resurrectio dominica.[2][3][7]
  • c. 500 – Fulgentius uses it figuratively of a reviving.[3][7]
  • c. 1300 – English borrows it as resurrection.[4]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A rising again from the dead, resurrection.[2][3][12][8]
  2. (specifically) The Resurrection of Christ.[2][3][9]
  3. (Late Latin) A rising up, getting up; figuratively, a revival.[3][6]
  4. (Medieval Latin) resurrectio dominica: Sunday.[8]
  5. (Medieval Latin) Easter Day, or the time from Easter to Pentecost.[9]
  6. (Medieval Latin) A revival of feuds or hostilities.[11]
  7. (Medieval Latin, liturgy) In the Mozarabic Mass, the seventh of the nine parts of the host.[11]

References

  1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
  4. ^ a b c d Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  5. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
  7. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  8. ^ a b c Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  9. ^ a b c d Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
  10. ^ Schütz, Ludwig (1895), Thomas-Lexikon, 2nd ed., Paderborn: F. Schöningh
  11. ^ a b c d du Cange, Charles du Fresne, et al. (1883–1887), Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, augmented ed. by Léopold Favre, Niort: L. Favre
  12. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson