resurgo

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [rɛˈsʊr.ɡoː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [reˈs̬ur.ɡo]^[1]

Forms

resurgō (present infinitive resurgere, perfect active resurrēxī, supine resurrēctum); third conjugation, no passive^[1]

Etymology

It is from re- “again” and surgō “to rise”.^[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citations are from Horace, of rising again, and Ovid, of getting up again.^[2] Köbler dates Horace 65–8 BC.^[4]

Semantic evolution

Lewis and Short call it poetic and post-Augustan, used once by Livy with velut.^[3] It meant to get up again, as in Horace and Ovid, and in Tacitus to take up arms again.^[2][5] It meant to rise again, above the horizon, of plants to spring up again, of fire to flare up, of the moon to wax, and in Virgil of a city to rise again from destruction, and of feelings to revive.^[2]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to rise again, rise from the dead.^[6] Its noun resurrēctiō gave English resurrection about 1300, of Christ's rising, and Old French resourdre “to rise again”, from it, is the source of English resource.^[7] It survives in Italian risorgere.^[1]

Timeline

• 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of rising again.^[2][4]
• 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a city rising again.^[2][4]
• 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of renewed war.^[2][4]
• c. 1300 – English resurrection is recorded.^[7]

Meanings

Verb

1. To get up again; to take up arms again.^[2]
2. To rise again; of plants, to spring up again.^[2]
3. Of a city, to be restored.^[2]
4. To revive.^[2]
5. (Ecclesiastical Latin) To rise from the dead.^[6]

Word family

• resurrēctiō

Related words

• surgō
• English resurrection
• English resource

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
6. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
7. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com