recido
recido1 to fall back
Pronunciation
Forms
recidō (present infinitive recidere, perfect active reccidī or recidī, supine recāsum); third conjugation[1] The perfect is usually reccidī, from ⟨*re-cecidī⟩, and the present is also spelled reccidō.[2][3]
Etymology
This verb is from re- “back” and cadō “to fall”.[2][1]
Earliest recorded meaning
The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of falling back.[2] Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.[4]
Semantic evolution
It meant to fall or sink back, as in Ennius and Cicero's “everything falls back to earth”.[2][5] In Plautus an injury rebounds on its author, in Cicero people and things lapse into a state, in Livy a patient relapses, and in Gaius a person reverts to a legal status.[2]
Its derivative recidīvus “falling back” gave Medieval Latin recidīvāre “to relapse into sin”, French récidiver and English recidivist (1863).[6]
Timeline
- 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.[2][4]
- 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of a relapse.[2][4]
- 1863 – English recidivist is recorded.[6]
Meanings
Verb
Word family
- recidīvus
recido2 to cut back
Pronunciation
Forms
recīdō (present infinitive recīdere, perfect active recīdī, supine recīsum); third conjugation[1] Ulpian has reccīdisses and reccīsus.[2]
Etymology
This verb is from re- and caedō “to cut”.[2][1]
Earliest recorded meaning
The OLD's earliest citation is from Cato, who has veprēs recīdere “to cut back brambles”.[2][5] Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.[4]
Semantic evolution
It meant to cut back trees to the stock, prune away, as in Cato, and to cut away other things, as in Virgil.[2] In Cicero it meant figuratively to curtail, prune.[2] Lewis & Short note it is mostly poetic and post-Augustan.[3]
Timeline
Meanings
Verb
Word family
- recīsāmentum
- recīsiō
- recīsus
Related words
- accidō
- cadō
- coincidō
- concidō
- dēcidō
- excidō
- incidō
- intercidō
- occidō
- prōcidō
- abscīdō
- caedō
- circumcīdō
- discīdō
- English recidivist
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
- ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
- ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com