recido Latin · revision 8878
16 Oct 2026, 17:46 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{homograph|1|to fall back}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Ennius|origins=la cadō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈrɛ.kɪ.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈrɛː.t͡ʃi.do]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''recidō''' (present infinitive recidere, perfect active reccidī or recidī, supine recāsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ The perfect is usually ''reccidī'', from ⟨*re-cecidī⟩, and the present is also spelled ''reccidō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ This verb is from [[re-]] “back” and [[cadō]] “to fall”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of falling back.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to fall or sink back, as in Ennius and Cicero's “everything falls back to earth”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Plautus an injury rebounds on its author, in Cicero people and things lapse into a state, in Livy a patient relapses, and in Gaius a person reverts to a legal status.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ Its derivative ''recidīvus'' “falling back” gave Medieval Latin ''recidīvāre'' “to relapse into sin”, French ''récidiver'' and [[en|recidivist]] (1863).^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of a relapse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1863 – English ''recidivist'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To fall back.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To recoil (on someone).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To lapse, sink (into a state).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|relapse]].^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[recidīvus]]
+
+ {{homograph|2|to cut back}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Cato|origins=la caedō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [rɛˈkiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [reˈt͡ʃiː.do]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''recīdō''' (present infinitive recīdere, perfect active recīdī, supine recīsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ Ulpian has ''reccīdisses'' and ''reccīsus''.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ This verb is from [[re-]] and [[caedō]] “to cut”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Cato, who has ''veprēs recīdere'' “to cut back brambles”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to cut back trees to the stock, prune away, as in Cato, and to cut away other things, as in Virgil.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant figuratively to curtail, prune.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note it is mostly poetic and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it figuratively.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To cut back, [[m|en|prune]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To cut away.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To curtail.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[recīsāmentum]]
+ * [[recīsiō]]
+ * [[recīsus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[accidō]]
+ * [[cadō]]
+ * [[coincidō]]
+ * [[concidō]]
+ * [[dēcidō]]
+ * [[excidō]]
+ * [[incidō]]
+ * [[intercidō]]
+ * [[occidō]]
+ * [[prōcidō]]
+ * [[abscīdō]]
+ * [[caedō]]
+ * [[circumcīdō]]
+ * [[discīdō]]
+ * [[en|recidivist]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}