progenies

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [proːˈɡɛ.ni.eːs]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [proˈd͡ʒɛː.ni.es]^[1]

Forms

prōgeniēs f (genitive prōgeniēī); fifth declension^[1] Pacuvius has the archaic genitive prōgeniī.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is from prōgignō “to beget” with the suffix -iēs, from prō- and the root of gignō, Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”).^[4][2][1] The TLL compares Sanskrit प्रजा (prajā́, “offspring”).^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of offspring.^[2] Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^[6]

Semantic evolution

It meant offspring, progeny, the children of a person or animal, as in Ennius, and a race, stock or family, as in Pacuvius.^[2] Lewis & Short give descent, lineage.^[3]

British Medieval Latin used it for descendants and for a litter.^[7] It survives in Italian and Spanish progenie, and through Old French progenie it gave English progeny in the early 14th century.^[1][8]

Timeline

• 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of offspring.^[2][6]
• 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of a family.^[2][6]
• early 14th century – English progeny is recorded.^[8]

Meanings

Noun

1. Offspring, progeny.^[2]
2. A race, stock, family.^[2]

Related words

• prōgignō
• prōgenitor
• gignō
• English progeny

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
5. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
6. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
7. ^ Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
8. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com