pauperies

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [pau̯ˈpɛ.ri.eːs]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [pau̯ˈpɛː.ri.es]^[1]

Forms

pauperiēs f (genitive pauperiēī); fifth declension^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin pauper (“poor”) + -iēs.^[2][1] De Vaan reconstructs ⟨pauper⟩ as Proto-Italic ⟨*pau(o)-pa/oro-⟩, Proto-Indo-European *peh₂u-(o-)p(o)rh₃-o- (“providing little”), related to parvus.^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler's earliest source is the Twelve Tables, and Gaffiot cites Ennius and Plautus.^[4][5] Köbler dates the Twelve Tables c. 450 BC.^[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant poverty, as in Ennius, Plautus, Terence, Virgil and Horace, and Lewis & Short note that it is poetic and post-Augustan for the classical paupertās.^[2][6][5] In law, pauperiem facere was said of an animal causing loss by damage or injury, as in Ulpian.^[2]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it means poverty, misery.^[7] British Medieval Latin used it for poverty.^[8]

Timeline

• c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^[4]
• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of poverty.^[2][4]
• before 223 AD – Ulpian uses it of damage by an animal.^[2][4]

Meanings

Noun

1. Poverty.^[2][6]
2. (law) Loss caused by an animal.^[2]

Related words

• pauper
• paupertās
• parvus

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
4. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
6. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
7. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
8. ^ Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press