Etymologically
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patronus

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [paˈtroː.nʊs][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [paˈtrɔː.nus][1]

Forms

patrōnus m (genitive patrōnī); second declension[1]

Etymology

It is from pater “father”, formed on the model of colōnus “farmer”, compare mātrōna.[2][1][3] Leumann compares Ancient Greek υἱωνός (huiōnós, “grandson”) from ⟨huiós⟩ “son”.[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is from the Law of the Twelve Tables, quoted by Servius, of a patron and his client.[2][4] Köbler dates the Twelve Tables about 450 BC.[5]

Semantic evolution

It meant an influential protector of a client, a patron, as in the Twelve Tables and Livy, and in Plautus the former master of a freedman.[2][4] From Cicero it meant the protector of a community, a city, province or guild, a defender, and a guardian of things or institutions.[2] It also meant an advocate pleading for a client, as in Cicero.[2]

In Medieval Latin it meant the master of unfree dependants, a feudal lord, and a guardian, and British Medieval Latin used it of a patron saint.[6][7] Through Old French patron it gave English patron about 1300, and its variant English pattern keeps the old sense “model”.[8] It survives in Italian padrone, Spanish patrón and Portuguese padrão.[1]

Timeline

  • c. 450 BC – The Law of the Twelve Tables has the word.[2][5]
  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a freedman's former master.[2][5]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of protectors of cities and of advocates.[2][5]
  • c. 1300 – English patron is recorded.[8]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A patron, protector of a client; a former master of a freedman.[2]
  2. A protector of a community; a defender.[2]
  3. An advocate.[2]
  4. (Medieval Latin) A feudal lord; a patron saint.[6][7]

Word family

  • compatrōnus
  • patrōcinor
  • patrōna
  • patrōnālis
  • patrōnātus

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  7. ^ a b Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
  8. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com