patronus Latin · revision 7268

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Law of the Twelve Tables|origins=la pater}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [paˈtroː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [paˈtrɔː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''patrōnus''' ''m'' (genitive patrōnī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[pater]] “father”, formed on the model of [[colōnus]] “farmer”, compare [[mātrōna]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Leumann compares [[grc|υἱωνός|tr=huiōnós|t=grandson]] from ⟨huiós⟩ “son”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from the Law of the Twelve Tables, quoted by Servius, of a patron and his client.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables about 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant an influential protector of a client, a patron, as in the Twelve Tables and Livy, and in Plautus the former master of a freedman.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Cicero it meant the protector of a community, a city, province or guild, a defender, and a guardian of things or institutions.^(OLD 2012) It also meant an advocate pleading for a client, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it meant the master of unfree dependants, a feudal lord, and a guardian, and British Medieval Latin used it of a patron saint.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) Through Old French ''patron'' it gave [[en|patron]] about 1300, and its variant [[en|pattern]] keeps the old sense “model”.^(Etymonline) It survives in Italian ''padrone'', Spanish ''patrón'' and Portuguese ''padrão''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Law of the Twelve Tables has the word.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a freedman's former master.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of protectors of cities and of advocates.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''patron'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|patron]], protector of a client; a former master of a freedman.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A protector of a community; a defender.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An [[m|en|advocate]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A feudal lord; a patron saint.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[compatrōnus]]

+ * [[patrōcinor]]

+ * [[patrōna]]

+ * [[patrōnālis]]

+ * [[patrōnātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pater]]

+ * [[cliēns]]

+ * [[patrōcinium]]

+ * [[en|patron]]

+ * [[en|pattern]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}