Etymologically
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palliatus

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [pal.liˈaː.tʊs][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [pal.liˈaː.tus][1]

Forms

palliātus (feminine palliāta, neuter palliātum); first/second-declension adjective[1] Often spelled palleātus.[2][3]

Etymology

It is from Latin pallium (“cloak, mantle”) + -ātus (“provided with”),[4][1] a derivation the grammarian Priscian already gives.[2] De Vaan finds no etymology for palla and its family and thinks it may be a loanword.[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is found from Plautus on,[5] first in the Curculio: istī Graecī palliātī, capite opertō quī ambulant, “those Greeks in cloaks who walk about with their heads covered”.[4][6]

Semantic evolution

The pallium was the typical Greek dress, as the toga was the Roman, and palliātus often marked a Greek: Cicero mocks a juror who is now in the pallium, now in the toga, and tells an opponent he may object as often as he likes that a man was often seen in it.[4][6] Pliny the Elder used it of statues in the cloak,[4] and Valerius Maximus contrasted the cloaked Pythagoras with trousered barbarians.[4][6] Varro says that comedies adapted from Greek plays were called palliātae from the dress of their characters, the name used for the comedy of Plautus and Terence.[4][6] Valerius Maximus also used it figuratively for covered or protected.[6]

Medieval Latin applied it to churchmen and objects: veiled, wearing a cope, covered with drapery, lined with silk, and invested with the pallium.[3]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of Greeks in cloaks.[4][7]
  • 116–27 BC – Varro explains the name of the fabula palliāta.[4][7]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a man in Greek dress.[4][7]
  • 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of statues.[4][7]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Wearing a pallium, cloaked, especially as typical Greek dress.[4][6]
  2. fabula palliāta: a Roman comedy adapted from Greek New Comedy.[4][6]
  3. Greek, as opposed to barbarian.[4]
  4. (figurative) Covered, protected.[6]
  5. (Medieval Latin) Veiled; wearing a cope; lined with silk; invested with the pallium.[3]

Noun

  1. A man wearing a pallium; a statue in a pallium.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  3. ^ a b c Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  5. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  7. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de