Etymologically
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orno

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ˈoːr.noː][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔr.no][1]

Forms

ōrnō (present infinitive ōrnāre, perfect active ōrnāvī, supine ōrnātum); first conjugation[1]

Etymology

It is from *ōrdnō, from ōrdō “row, order” with the verb suffix -ō, a doublet of the later ōrdinō.[2][1][3] The Columna Rostrata has an archaic perfect ⟨ornāvet⟩.[2][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of preparing and of dressing.[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.[5]

Semantic evolution

It meant to prepare, arrange, and to equip, fit out, especially with arms, as in Cato and Cicero's classem ōrnāre “to fit out a fleet”, and to furnish with money or qualities.[2][6] In Plautus it meant to dress in a costume, rig out, and ironically to beat.[2] It meant to adorn, decorate places, persons and their hair, and a speech with rhetorical ornament.[2] From Terence it meant to praise or defend with eloquence, to honour, and of things to lend distinction to.[2] Döderlein explains that cōmere and decorāre are ornament that pleases the eye, ōrnāre ornament that also has a use.[7]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to adorn, trim, garnish, decorate, equip.[8] Its participle ōrnātus gave English ornate about 1400.[9]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of preparing and dressing.[2][5]
  • 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of equipping.[2][5]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of fitting out a fleet and of honouring.[2][6][5]
  • c. 1400 – English ornate is recorded.[9]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To prepare, arrange.[2]
  2. To equip, fit out; to furnish.[2]
  3. To dress, attire.[2]
  4. To adorn, decorate; to embellish a speech.[2]
  5. To praise, defend eloquently; to honour.[2]
  6. To lend distinction to.[2]

Word family

  • adōrnō
  • circumōrnātus
  • exōrnō
  • inōrnātus
  • inorno
  • ōrnāmentum
  • ornātiō
  • ornātor
  • ōrnātrīx
  • ornatura
  • ōrnātus
  • perornō
  • ōrnāmentārius
  • ōrnātulus
  • ōrdō
  • ōrdinō
  • English ornate
  • English ornament

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  7. ^ Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper
  8. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  9. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com