Etymologically
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nitidus

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ˈnɪ.tɪ.dʊs][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈniː.ti.dus][1]

Forms

nitidus (feminine nitida, neuter nitidum, comparative nitidior, superlative nitidissimus); first/second-declension adjective[1]

Etymology

It is from niteō “to shine” with the suffix -idus.[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of a house bright from cleaning and of well-groomed persons.[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant shining, bright, radiant, of the sun, as in Virgil, of days and of clear water, and gleaming with reflected light, as Ovid's ivory, and of a house bright from cleaning, as Plautus' facite ut nitidae aedēs meae sint.[2][5][3] It meant glowing with youth or beauty, glossy, of hair, sleek, of animals and land, as in Nepos and Cicero.[2] Of persons it meant spruce, well-groomed, elegant, as in Plautus and Horace, and of style polished, elegant, as in Cicero.[2] Wiktionary notes that the sense “pure, clean”, first found in Marcellus Empiricus about 400 AD, is the one that survives in Gallo- and Italo-Romance.[1]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant smooth, clean, bright, and in Medieval Latin clean.[6][7] The DÉRom reconstructs Proto-Romance */ˈnɪtid-u/ “spotless and shining, smooth”, continued in every branch except Vegliote, both in its original form, as Romanian neted, and in a syncopated form */ˈnɪtt-u/.[8] French net and Italian netto come from it, and through French it gave English neat in the 1540s and English net “remaining after deductions”.[4][9]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a clean house.[2][4]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of sleek land and of polished style.[2][4]
  • 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the shining sun.[2][4]
  • c. 400 AD – Marcellus Empiricus uses it of what is clean.[1]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Bright, shining, radiant.[2]
  2. Gleaming; bright from cleaning.[2]
  3. Glowing; glossy; sleek.[2]
  4. Spruce, elegant, well-groomed.[2]
  5. Of style, polished.[2]
  6. (Late Latin) Clean, pure.[1][7]

Word family

  • nitiditās
  • nitidiusculus
  • nitidulus

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  6. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  7. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  8. ^ Buchi, Éva; Schweickard, Wolfgang, eds. (2008–), Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman (DÉRom), Nancy: ATILF, http://www.atilf.fr/DERom
  9. ^ Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com