nitidus Latin · revision 7439

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la niteō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈnɪ.tɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈniː.ti.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nitidus''' (feminine nitida, neuter nitidum, comparative nitidior, superlative nitidissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[niteō]] “to shine” with the suffix [[-idus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of a house bright from cleaning and of well-groomed persons.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant shining, bright, radiant, of the sun, as in Virgil, of days and of clear water, and gleaming with reflected light, as Ovid's ivory, and of a house bright from cleaning, as Plautus' ''facite ut nitidae aedēs meae sint''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant glowing with youth or beauty, glossy, of hair, sleek, of animals and land, as in Nepos and Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Of persons it meant spruce, well-groomed, elegant, as in Plautus and Horace, and of style polished, elegant, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary notes that the sense “pure, clean”, first found in Marcellus Empiricus about 400 AD, is the one that survives in Gallo- and Italo-Romance.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant smooth, clean, bright, and in Medieval Latin clean.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976) The DÉRom reconstructs Proto-Romance */ˈnɪtid-u/ “spotless and shining, smooth”, continued in every branch except Vegliote, both in its original form, as Romanian ''neted'', and in a syncopated form */ˈnɪtt-u/.^(DÉRom) French ''net'' and Italian ''netto'' come from it, and through French it gave [[en|neat]] in the 1540s and [[en|net]] “remaining after deductions”.^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a clean house.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of sleek land and of polished style.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the shining sun.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 400 AD – Marcellus Empiricus uses it of what is clean.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Bright, shining, radiant.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Gleaming; bright from cleaning.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Glowing; glossy; sleek.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Spruce, elegant, well-groomed.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of style, polished.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' Clean, pure.^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nitiditās]]

+ * [[nitidiusculus]]

+ * [[nitidulus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[niteō]]

+ * [[nitor]]

+ * [[en|net]]

+ * [[en|neat]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}