moneo

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ˈmɔ.ne.oː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmɔː.ne.o]^[1]

Forms

moneō (present infinitive monēre, perfect active monuī, supine monitum); second conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *moneje-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *mon-eie- (“to make think of, remind”), a causative of the root of meminī “to remember” and mēns “mind”.^[2][3][4] Cognate with Sanskrit मानयति (mānáyati, “honours”) and Old English manian (“to remind”).^[2][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Plautus uses it.^[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^[5]

Semantic evolution

It was to remind or tell someone of something, as Cicero reminds Terentia about a will, and to advise, recommend or warn, as in Plautus.^[3][4] It was to exhort, to punish or chastise, and of gods or omens to foretell.^[1] Döderlein says that monitiō addresses the judgment, while hortātiō addresses the will.^[6]

Its derivatives were monitor “adviser”, monumentum “memorial” and mōnstrum “portent”.^[2] Juno's title Monēta, said to come from it, named the mint near her temple and so gave English money.^[7]

Timeline

• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of warning.^[3][5]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero reminds Terentia of her will.^[4][5]
• mid-13th century – English money is recorded, from Old French monoie, from monēta.^[7]
• 1540s – English monitor is recorded.^[7]

Meanings

Verb

1. To remind, tell (of).^[3][8]
2. To advise, warn.^[3][1]
3. To exhort, recommend.^[1]
4. To punish, chastise.^[1]
5. To foretell.^[1]

Word family

• admoneō
• commoneō
• ēmoneō
• monela
• monēta
• monita
• monitiō
• monito
• monitor
• monitus
• mōnstrum
• monumentum

Related words

• meminī
• mēns
• English money
• English monitor
• English monument

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
3. ^ a b c d e f Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
4. ^ a b c Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
5. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
6. ^ Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper
7. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
8. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press