liveo

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ˈliː.we.oː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈliː.ve.o]^[1]

Forms

līveō (present infinitive līvēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stems^[1]

Etymology

Wiktionary derives it from Proto-Italic ⟨*(s)līwēō⟩, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lih₃-wó-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₃y- (“bluish”), cognate with Old English slāh (“sloe”).^[1] The OLD and the TLL compare Old Church Slavonic слива (sliva, “plum”) and English ⟨sloe⟩.^[2][3] Lewis & Short connected it with Ancient Greek πελιός (peliós, “livid”).^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is Propertius, of being livid.^[2] Köbler dates Propertius 57/46–12 BC.^[5]

Semantic evolution

It meant to be of a bluish colour, black and blue, livid or discoloured, as in Propertius, and in Martial figuratively to be envious, jealous.^[2][4]

It survives in Italian allibire “to turn pale”.^[1]

Timeline

• 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of livid colour.^[2][5]
• 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it of envy.^[2][5]

Meanings

Verb

1. To be livid, black and blue.^[2][4]
2. To be envious.^[2]

Word family

• līvēdō
• līvēns
• līventer
• līvēscō
• līvidus
• līvor

Related words

• English livid

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
4. ^ a b c Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
5. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de