Etymologically
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lanista

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ɫaˈnɪs.ta][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [laˈnis.ta][1]

Forms

lanista m (genitive lanistae); first declension[1]

Etymology

Isidore reports that it is an Etruscan word, connecting it with laniō (“to tear to pieces”),[2][3] and Köbler too calls it Etruscan.[4] Walde and Hofmann took the whole family of lanius (“butcher”) as Etruscan for that reason, which de Vaan finds rash: he derives the word for butcher from Proto-Italic *lanio- (“breaker”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₃lomH-io-, cognate with Lithuanian lémti (“to decide, determine”), and lists the trainer's name among its derivatives.[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

Cicero uses it in the speech for Roscius of Ameria, asking whether that trainer of gladiators seems to have given up the sword, and in a letter to Atticus.[6][5]

Semantic evolution

It is a man who owned, trained and managed a troop of gladiators, and also one who kept fighting cocks.[2][6] Juvenal and Suetonius use it, the latter of a travelling trainer.[6] Isidore glosses it as gladiator and executioner,[3] and figuratively it is an inciter to violence.[1] In Medieval Latin it means a butcher and an executioner.[7]

Timeline

  • 81–43 BC – Cicero, of a gladiator trainer.[6][4]
  • c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal.[6][4]
  • c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius, of a travelling trainer.[6][4]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A trainer and manager of gladiators; one who keeps fighting cocks.[2][6][1]
  2. (figurative) An inciter, instigator.[1]
  3. (Medieval Latin) A butcher; an executioner.[7]

Word family

  • lanistātūra
  • lanisticius

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  7. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill