lanista Latin · revision 33842

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɫaˈnɪs.ta]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [laˈnis.ta]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lanista''' ''m'' (genitive lanistae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Isidore reports that it is an Etruscan word, connecting it with [[m|la|laniō|t=to tear to pieces]],^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) and Köbler too calls it Etruscan.^(Köbler 2010) Walde and Hofmann took the whole family of [[m|la|lanius|t=butcher]] as Etruscan for that reason, which de Vaan finds rash: he derives the word for butcher from [[itc-pro|*lanio-|t=breaker]] and [[ine-pro|*h₃lomH-io-]], cognate with [[lt|lémti|t=to decide, determine]], and lists the trainer's name among its derivatives.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero uses it in the speech for Roscius of Ameria, asking whether that trainer of gladiators seems to have given up the sword, and in a letter to Atticus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a man who owned, trained and managed a troop of gladiators, and also one who kept fighting cocks.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Juvenal and Suetonius use it, the latter of a travelling trainer.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Isidore glosses it as gladiator and executioner,^(TLL) and figuratively it is an inciter to violence.^(Wiktionary) In Medieval Latin it means a butcher and an executioner.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, of a gladiator trainer.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius, of a travelling trainer.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A trainer and manager of [[m|en|gladiator|alt=gladiators]]; one who keeps fighting cocks.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' An inciter, instigator.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|butcher]]; an [[m|en|executioner]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lanistātūra]]

+ * [[lanisticius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lanius]]

+ * [[laniō]]

+ * [[laniēna]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}