Etymologically
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iudicatio

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [juː.dɪˈkaː.ti.oː][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ju.diˈkat.t͡si.o][1]

Forms

iūdicātiō f (genitive iūdicātiōnis); third declension[1] An inscription has ioudicātiō.[2]

Etymology

It is from Latin iūdicō (“to judge”) + -tiō, from iūdex “judge”, a compound of iūs “law” and dīcō.[2][1][3] De Vaan reconstructs ⟨iūs⟩ “law” as Proto-Italic ⟨*jowos⟩ with ⟨*jowes-dik-⟩ “judge”.[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is the Rhetorica ad Herennium, of the point at issue.[2] Köbler dates it 86/82 BC.[5]

Semantic evolution

In rhetoric it was the point at issue, the question for the judge to decide, as in the Rhetorica ad Herennium and Cicero; generally a judging, the forming of an opinion, appraisal; and in Ulpian the power of deciding a case at law.[2][6][7]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it means judgment, opinion.[8] Medieval Latin used it for a sentence and a judicial district.[9] English judication (1620s) is from it.[3]

Timeline

  • 86/82 BC – The Rhetorica ad Herennium uses it.[2][5]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of judging.[2][5]
  • before 223 AD – Ulpian uses it of jurisdiction.[2][5]

Meanings

Noun

  1. The power of deciding a case.[2]
  2. (rhetoric) The point at issue.[2]
  3. A judging, judgement, appraisal.[2][8]
  4. (Medieval Latin) A sentence; a judicial district.[9]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  7. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  8. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  9. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill