Etymologically
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irrogo

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ˈɪr.rɔ.ɡoː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [ˈir.ro.ɡo][1]

Forms

irrogō (present infinitive irrogāre, perfect active irrogāvī, supine irrogātum); first conjugation[1] It is also spelled inrogō, the usual spelling in manuscripts.[2][3] Cicero has the old form irrogāssit for irrogāverit.[4]

Etymology

It is from Latin in- + rogō (“to ask, propose”).[2][1][3] De Vaan derives rogō from Proto-Italic *rogo- (“request; stretching out”), probably a denominative verb from Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵ-o- (“stretching”), with the arms held out in begging, and compares Old Norse rakr (“straight”).[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan dates it from Plautus,[5] in whose Captivi a parasite says he will name a day and propose a fine.[2]

Semantic evolution

Its first use is legal: a magistrate presiding over a trial before the people demands or proposes a penalty against someone.[2] Cicero uses it of laws and privileges proposed against private persons.[4] More generally it is to impose or inflict punishments, injuries or burdens: Seneca says it will be clear that things are evil if God inflicts them only on the wicked.[2] Church Latin glosses it to impose, inflict.[6]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of proposing a fine.[2][5][7]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero of laws proposed against private persons.[4][7]
  • 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of evils inflicted.[2][7]

Meanings

Verb

  1. (law) To demand or propose (a penalty) against someone before the people.[2][4][1]
  2. To impose, inflict (punishments, injuries, burdens).[2][4][1][6]

Word family

  • irrogātiō

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  5. ^ a b c de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  6. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  7. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de