Etymologically
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insurgo

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ĩːˈsʊr.ɡoː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [inˈsur.ɡo][1]

Forms

īnsurgō (present infinitive īnsurgere, perfect active īnsurrēxī, supine īnsurrēctum); third conjugation, third person-only in the passive[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin in- + surgō (“to rise”).[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Lewis & Short quote Virgil first: in the Aeneid rowers are told to rise to their oars and pull hard.[4][5]

Semantic evolution

The literal sense is to rise up, of a person or of a natural thing: Virgil also writes of darkness rising from the plains.[2] It is used of things that tower up and of forces that grow stronger: Seneca has grief that grows more stubborn every day.[2] With a dative it is to rise against someone, to rebel: Ovid uses it of rising against a kingdom.[2] Tacitus applies it to Augustus' rise to power, and Quintilian to a style that soars.[2] Church Latin glosses it to rise up, revolt against.[6]

Timeline

  • 70–19 BC – Virgil of rowers and of darkness rising.[4][2][5]
  • 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of rising against a kingdom.[2][5]
  • 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of grief that grows.[2][5]
  • 98–115 AD – Tacitus of a rise to power.[2][5]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To get up, stand up, rise; of natural things, to rise up.[2][4]
  2. To climb a hill.[2]
  3. Of motionless things, to tower, rise up.[2]
  4. To grow in volume or intensity.[2]
  5. To rouse oneself; with a dative, to rise against, rebel.[2][1][6]
  6. To rise in rank or power.[2]
  7. Of style, to become elevated, soar.[2]

Word family

  • īnsurrēctiō

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b c Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  5. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson