Etymologically
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institutum

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Forms

īnstitūtum n (genitive īnstitūtī); second declension[1]

Etymology

It is the neuter of īnstitūtus, the past participle of īnstituō “to set up, establish”, used as a noun.[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is from Cato, of a planned course of action.[2] Köbler's first source is Cicero; he dates Cato 234–149 BC.[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant an intended course of action, a plan, as in Cato and Cicero.[2][5] It meant an established practice, custom, ex īnstitūtō by custom, as in Vitruvius, and in Cicero the practice of a group, a way of life, and in the plural teachings, precepts.[2] Caesar's īnstitūtō Caesaris means by Caesar's practice.[5]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a precept, custom, regulation, plan, mode of life, institution.[6] Medieval Latin used it for a legal provision, rule, ordinance, an order and a writ.[7] It survives in Italian istituto and French institut, and English institute came as a noun in the 1510s, “purpose, design”.[1][3]

Timeline

  • 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a plan.[2][4]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of customs and precepts.[2][4]
  • c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses ex īnstitūtō.[2][4]
  • 1510s – English institute (noun) is recorded.[3]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A plan, purpose.[2]
  2. A custom, practice; a way of life.[2]
  3. In the plural, teachings, precepts.[2]
  4. (Medieval Latin) An ordinance; an order.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  6. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  7. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill