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inde

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ˈɪn.dɛ][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈin.de][1]

Forms

inde (not comparable)[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Old Latin ⟨im⟩, ⟨em⟩ “then, there”, a case form of the pronoun is (compare illim and interim), with the demonstrative suffix ⟨-de⟩ seen in ⟨quamde⟩.[2][1][3] The pronoun goes back to Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)i- (“he, she, it”).[4][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is found from Plautus on:[5] ille in balineās itūrust, inde hūc veniet posteā, “he is going to the baths; from there he will come here afterwards”.[2]

Semantic evolution

Inde means “from there, thence”, also of separation (“away from there”) and of the point from which a distance or boundary is measured.[2] Of time it means “from then on” (often iam inde), and in a sequence “next, then” (also inde locī).[2][6] Hinc … inde means “on one side … on the other”.[2]

With verbs of taking and seeking it names a source, “from that (place, person or thing)”.[2] It is the base of deinde, exinde, proinde and subinde.[1]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – First found in Plautus.[2][5]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero: neque inde umquam … āfuerim, “nor have I ever been away from there”.[2][5]
  • 39–65 AD – Lucan: hinc Dācus, premat inde Getēs, “let the Dacian press on this side, the Getan on that”.[2][5]

Meanings

Adverb

  1. From that place, thence, from there.[2][3][1]
  2. Away from there.[2]
  3. From that point (of a distance or boundary).[2]
  4. From that time, from then on.[2][1][6]
  5. Next, then;[2] thereafter.[6]
  6. hinc … inde, on one side … on the other.[2]
  7. From that source.[2]

Word family

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ a b c Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson